1. Wind and glaciers

2. Wind

3. Wind erosion and transport
Wind cant carry particles as large as those transported by water
Ability of wind to erode materials is less than that of other agents (i.e. water and ice)
Suspension: method of transport by which strong winds cause particles to stay airborne for long distances
Saltation: causes bouncing motion (sand transport)

4. Wind erosion and transport
Occur where there is little precipitation and vegetative cover (like deserts)
Deflation: surface of land lowers from the wind’s removal of surface particles
Can be major problem in the agricultural areas
abrasion (process of erosion): particles rub against the surface of rocks or other materials
Wind abrasion very effective agent of erosion
Ventifacts: rocks shaped by wind-blown sediments

6. Wind deposition
Occurs in areas where there are changes in wind velocity
Dunes: form over time where sand particles accumulate due to some object (rock landform or piece of vegetation) blocking its forward movement
Certain conditions determine a dune’s shape:
Availability of sand
Wind velocity- determines height
Wind direction
Amount of vegetation present

8. Types of dunes
Barchans: solitary, crescent-shaped, form in flat areas with little sand or vegetation
Transverse: formed with plenty of sand, little vegetation, and strong winds
Parabolic: U-shaped, form between clumps of plants
Longitudinal: limited sand available, strong winds, parallel to wind direction

9. Loess
Def: thick, wind blown silt deposits (another material wind also carries in great quantities and long distances)
Loess deposits located Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Idaho.
With adequate precipitation, loess soils are some of the most fertile on Earth due to their abundance in minerals and nutrients

10. Large moving mass of ice
glaciers
Large moving mass of ice

11. Moving Masses of ice
Form near Earth’s poles and mountainous areas at high elevations
10% of Earth’s surface
Valley Glaciers: glaciers form in valleys in high, mountainous areas;
Continental Glacier: glaciers that cover broad, continent-sized areas; thickest at its center and much larger than valley glaciers

12. Valley Glacier
Continental Glacier

13. Glacial erosion
Most powerful erosional agent due to size, weight, & density.
Create U-shaped valleys (valley glaciers) and also scoop out deep depressions known as cirques
Switzerland’s Matterhorn: formed where there were glaciers on three or more sides of this mountain top and this peak formed. (known as a horn)

14. Glacial deposition
Outwash: sediment from glaciers deposited from the melting glacier (meltwater)
Outwash plain: where the meltwater streams flow and deposit the outwash
Eskers: long, winding ridges of layered sediments that are deposited by streams flowing under a melting glacier
Kettle Lake: when ice block breaks off and covered by sediment, later ice block melts, leaving deep depression that then fills with precipitation forming the lake

15. Kettle Lake