1. Investigating DNA Radiation Damage Using X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Joanna Czapla-Masztafiak, Jakub Szlachetko, Christopher J. Milne, Ewelina Lipiec, Jacinto Sá, Thomas J. Penfold, Thomas Huthwelker, Camelia Borca, Rafael Abela, Wojciech M. Kwiatek 
Biophysical Journal 
Volume 110, Issue 6, Pages (March 2016)
DOI: /j.bpj
Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
(a) Chemical structure of a fragment of DNA strand. Arrows indicate the bonds that can be broken and lead to 1) 3′ termini or 2) 5′ termini. (b) Structures of the four lesion types: 3′-phosphate, 3′-phosphoglycolate, 5′-phosphate, and CPD. Distorted PO4 groups are highlighted with orange circles. To see this figure in color, go online.
Biophysical Journal  , DOI: ( /j.bpj )
Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
(a) Top: phosphorus K-edge x-ray absorption spectra of intact and UVA-irradiated aqueous DNA samples. Bottom: P K-edge XAS difference signal between the spectrum of damaged and reference DNA samples. (b) Top: phosphorus K-edge x-ray absorption spectra of intact and proton-irradiated DNA samples. Bottom: P K-edge XAS difference between the spectrum of damaged and reference DNA samples. To see this figure in color, go online.
Biophysical Journal  , DOI: ( /j.bpj )
Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
(a) Comparison of the P K-edge XAS spectrum of undamaged DNA calculated in FDMNES and the experimental spectrum of nonirradiated DNA. (b) Comparison of the P K-edge XAS spectrum of ATP calculated in FDMNES and the experimental spectrum. (c) P K-edge XAS spectra for different damage sites calculated by FDMNES. To see this figure in color, go online.
Biophysical Journal  , DOI: ( /j.bpj )
Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Experimental difference of P K-edge XAS obtained for a UVA-irradiated DNA sample fitted with theoretical spectra. To see this figure in color, go online.
Biophysical Journal  , DOI: ( /j.bpj )
Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Experimental difference of P K-edge XAS obtained for a proton-irradiated DNA sample fitted with theoretical spectra. To see this figure in color, go online.
Biophysical Journal  , DOI: ( /j.bpj )
Copyright © 2016 Biophysical Society Terms and Conditions