1. Excretion - The Removal of Waste Through Several Body Systems

2. Ch 38: Excretion O2 + glucose CO2 + H20 + 36 ATP (energy)
Function of the Excretory System
to eliminate the metabolic waste produced by every cell
O2 + glucose CO2 + H ATP (energy)

3. The skin The lungs The kidneys 3 organs of excretion:
Excretes water & salt as sweat
The lungs
Excrete carbon dioxide
The kidneys
remove
urea - a poisonous nitrogen waste product from protein digestion
excess water

4. Outer edge Inner layer 1 million Nephrons along the cortex
they act like a vacuum
to purify the blood
Outer edge
Inner layer
Dirty blood enters
Clean (filtered)
Blood leaves

5. Renal artery The kidney Renal vein
blood enters the kidney from this artery to be filtered
The kidney
removes urea, a poisonous nitrogen waste
and excess water
Renal vein
clean, filtered blood leaves the kidney through this vein & returns to circulation

7. located on either side of the spine in the lower back.
The kidney
located on either side of the spine in the lower back.
Ureter
carries urine to the urinary bladder
Urinary Bladder
muscular sac that stores urine
Sphincter
ring-shaped muscle that contracts & relaxes to release urine
Urethra
a tube that carries urine to the outside of the body
HW. p. 989 # 1,2,3,4

8. The Nephron or Kidney vacuum
Bowman’s capsule
Capillaries
Kidney vacuum
Glomerulus
Ball of capillaries where
Wastes are pulled from
HW. p. 989 # 1,2,3,4
Collecting duct
Vein
urine collects drop-by-drop
Arteriole
To the ureter
leads to the urinary bladder
Loop of Henle
Water reabsorbed

11. The Skin Sweat gland Nerves Blood vessels Hair Sweat pore
Sebaceous gland
OIL GLAND
Hair follicle
Epidermis
The skin has an outer layer called the epidermis and an inner layer called the dermis.
Dermis
Muscle
Sweat gland
Hypodermis
Fat

12. The SKIN covers the whole body

13. HW: p. 936 # 1,2,4,6 The skin is the largest organ in the body.
is a barrier against infection and injury.
helps to regulate body temperature.
removes sweat (perspiration) from the body.
provides protection against UV radiation from the sun.
When sweat evaporates
it cools the body
gets rid of urea, salt & water from the blood.
HW: p. 936 # 1,2,4,6

15. After adding labels, look in your book for functions
nostrils
mouth
pharynx or
throat
larynx or
voicebox
trachea or
lung
Windpipe with
Rings of cartilege
to keep it open
Right Bronchus
(bronchii) enters
the lung
Left bronchus
bronchiole
Alveoli or
diaphragm
Air sacs

16. Respiration video

17. The lungs are made of millions of air sacs called alveoli.
They are surrounded by capillaries.
Capillaries carry both:
Impure blood with carbon dioxide (blue)
Pure blood with oxygen (red)

18. The blood drops off carbon dioxide to the alveoli by diffusion.
CO2 O2
The blood drops off carbon dioxide to the alveoli by diffusion.
Then the blood picks up oxygen also by diffusion.

19. Breathing: Inhaling + Exhaling
chest expands
diaphragm contracts (moves down)
More room, air rushes in

20. Breathing: Inhaling + Exhaling
chest contracts
diaphragm relaxes (moves up)
Less room, air pushes out

21. The Liver

22. The Liver: besides a digestive function, it has 2 excretory jobs:
Blood Detox
gets the poisons out
Digestion breaks down proteins
Excess amino acids in the bloodstream turn into AMMONIA (poison)
The liver converts ammonia to UREA
Kidneys take urea from the blood to make URINE

23. The Liver: besides a digestive function, it has 2 excretory jobs:
Glucose Balance
Controlled by hormones
Excess glucose is TAKEN FROM the blood and stored in the liver
When blood glucose levels drop:
Hormones stimulate the liver to release glucose BACK INTO the blood

25. (H) Urinary System, Skin, Respiratory System Chapter Test
Work in groups of 4
Each person makes 10 board game questions with answers on hand-out form
Group creates game board with 40 spaces.
Game board graded on basis of:
Title
Color
Creativity
All necessary pictures

27. 20 20 20 20 80 5 5 5 5 20
100%

28. Period 1 Test List the 3 organs of excretion. Cell respiration:
O2 + glucose ATP (energy) + CO2 + H2O.
How does this reaction relate to the skin?
Illustrate (draw) & label the urinary system.
Design a remedy for a person with dark yellow, smelly urine.
State the function of the alveoli.
EXTRA CREDIT: How do the lungs take part in excretion?

29. Excretion Test Name one of the million air sacs of the lung.
State the function of this air sac.
Describe the arrangement of capillaries and alveoli.
Predict what would happen if we had no skin.
Define renal artery.
EXTRA CREDIT Draw & label the urinary system

30. Period 3 Test Tell what would happen if the sweat pores got clogged.
State the job of the renal vein.
Sequence the following into correct order: urethra, ureter, sphincter, bladder, kidney.
Draw & label the urinary system.
How are lungs part of excretion?
EXTRA CREDIT which of the 3 organs of excretion are least important and explain why.

31. Period 4 Test State the job of the renal vein.
Predict what would happen if we had no skin.
Describe the roles of ureter & and urethra.
Draw the 3 layers of the skin.
Explain how gases are exchanged at the alveoli.
EXTRA CREDIT Draw how gases are exchanged at the alveoli

32. Period 6 Test Draw what happens between alveoli and capillaries.
Propose a solution for an athlete whose perspiration smells badly due to excess urea.
Compare the waste product of the kidney to the waste product of the lungs.
Define renal artery.
Compare the sebaceous glands to the sweat glands
EXTRA CREDIT How is cell respiration related to the lungs?

33. Period 7 Test Name the process that gives each cell energy.
Predict what would happen if we had no skin.
Summarize the direction of the flow of urine.
Draw & label the urinary system.
Explain how gases are exchanged at the alveoli.
EXTRA CREDIT How is the digestion of
proteins is related to the kidneys?