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Prin. & Struct. of U.S. Constitution!
Unit 2 Chapter 2
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6 Principles of US Constitution
The 6 main concepts that US Constitution is built around: 1. Limited Government: there are limits to what govt. can and cannot do, ex.: no ex post facto law 2. Popular Sovereignty: People rule, in a democracy, people are the source of power 3. Federalism: a system of govt. with levels to the govt. ex. National/state/local 4. Judicial Review: the national cts. in charge of interpreting laws & rules making sure always Constitutional, a power given to courts under Marbury vs. Madison (1803) 5. Separation of powers: power will be divided among the many, (3 branches) so not in hands of 1 person or group 6. Checks & balances: making sure no over reach by any one branch
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PART 1 THE PREAMBLE!!!
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Preamble The Preamble = Introduction
States why the Constitution was written, 6 reasons: 1. Form a more perfect union: from AOC to Federal system 2. Establish justice: judicial branch, none under AOC 3. Insure domestic tranquility: executive branch to enforce 4. Provide for common defense: militia turned to military 5. Promote general welfare: services, trade reg. 6. Secure the blessing of liberty: forever in this document
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PART 2 ARTICLES 1-7!!!
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Article I: The Legislative Branch
AKA: Congress Job: make laws Bicameral: made up of two houses House of Representatives Senate
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Article I: Legislative Branch Cont.…
Article I: made up of 10 sections: 1. power & make up 2. terms, qualification, etc… 3. senate: term, qualifications 4. elections & meeting dates 5. Organizational rules 6. Privileges & restrictions 7. passing laws 8. powers granted to congress 9. powers denied 10. powers denied to states
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Article II: The Executive Branch
AKA: The White House & Many executive departments Job: to enforce laws 4 sections listed: 1. Pres. & V.P. term, elections, qualifications 2. Powers of President & Powers of VP 3. Duties of President 4. Impeachment
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Article III The Judicial Branch
AKA: The Federal Courts Job: to interpret laws based on US Constitution The smallest of 3 branches, but judicial review makes it as important (Marbury v. Madison, 1803) 3 sections listed: 1. federal courts 2. Jurisdiction 3. Treason
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Article IV: Relations Among the States
The origins of Federalism in Constitution This article ensures that each state recognizes the laws, court decisions, & records of all other states 4 sections listed below: 1. official acts: Full Faith & Credit Clause which states the above 2. Privileges & Immunities Clause; Extradition Clause 3. New States (AOC) & right over territories (Congress) 4. Guarantee of Republic & Federal protection of the states from outside & domestic threats!
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Article V: Amending the US Constitution
The process by which the Constitution can be changed to meet the needs of an evolving nation: Proposed: 1. 2/3 vote in each house of congress (27) 2. proposed by national convention called by congress at request of 2/3 of states Ratified: 1. by ¾ of state legislatures (26) 2. by ¾ of states in state conventions (1) In combination 4 ways are possible!
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Article VI: National Supremacy
AKA: The Supremacy Clause Has 3 parts: 1. All debts & agreements under AOC still valid 2. US Constitution, Federal laws & Treaties are supreme in conflicts between state & national law 3. Oaths of office; no religious test required (litmus test)
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Article VII: Ratification of US Constitution
Required 9/13 states approval for ratification; signed on by 39 delegates of 12 states: 1st: Delaware 9th: New Hampshire 4th: Georgia 10 & 11: Virginia & New York, most populated Last: Rhode Island
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PART 3 AMENDMENTS 1-27!!!
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Amendments 27 Amendments in US Constitution
Amendments 1-10 aka: the Bill of Rights Amendments 11-27: passed from
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