1. NERITIC ZONE & OPEN OCEAN
Conditions in the Neritic Zone:
- located over continental shelf
- kelp forest
- low tide line to continental shelf
- wide variety of organisms
- receives a lot of sunlight
- upwelling current provides steady supply of nutrients.

2. CORAL REEFS Environment of Coral Reefs: Ring-Shaped Reefs:
Can only be formed in shallow tropical ocean water.
Above continental shelf around volcanic islands
Ring-Shaped Reefs:
Atoll: ring shaped reef surrounding a shallow lagoon.

4. Coral Reef (cont.) Life Around a Reef: Coral Reefs and Humans: Shapes:
Elkhorn
Brain
Plate
Star:
Organisms:
Coral
Spiny lobsters
Shrimp
Octopuses
Fish
Coral Reefs and Humans:
Protects coast lines
Divers damage reefs

5. Life in a kelp forest Environment of Kelp Forest: Providing A Habitat:
cold Neritic waters with rocky floor
Kelp large heavy algae
Kelp contains air bladders that help it float.
Providing A Habitat:
Young gray whales
Sea slugs and snails
Sea otters

6. Conditions in the Open ocean
begins at the edge of the Neritic zone to the edge of the continental shelf.
Only a small part receives sunlight
Fewer nutrients
The Surface Zone: (Photic zone)
Surface to as far as sunlight reaches
Organisms: krill, crabs, mollusks and fish.

7. Conditions in the Open ocean (cont.)
2. The Transition Zone: - bottom of surface zone to 1 kilometer. 3. The Deep Zone or Aphotic zone: - darkest and coldest - few organisms - many produce their own light - Bioluminescence: the production of light from a living organism via chemical reactions. - Chemosynthesis: the production of organic material by energy from chemical reactions rather than light.

8. Hydrothermal vents
hot water rising out of cracks in the ocean floors.