1. Transportation revolution
George Inness, Lackawanna Valley

2. How can technological and economic innovations affect the political and social attitudes of the people?

3. Antebellum (Pre-Civil War) America
Three main areas of focus:
Economic: Market Revolution
Politics: Jacksonian Democracy
Society: Social and Religious Reforms

4. The Market Revolution
Comprised of a series of innovations in technology and transportation
Two revolutions:
Industrial
Transportation

5. Industrial Revolution
industrial-revolition#the-industrial- revolition

6. Industrial Revolution
Occurred in America from
Advancements in Textiles, Railroads, Iron, Coal (steam power)--TRIC
Shift from artisan work to factory work
Spurred economic growth as it became easier to produce things on a mass scale

7. Industrial Revolution
Textile Industry sparked Industrial Revolution in the U.S. (during War of 1812)
President Jefferson’s Embargo Act (1807) and subsequent War of 1812 ( ) dramatically decreased U.S. imports
1814, Francis Cabot Lowell built first dual- purpose textile plant at Waltham, Mass.
Significance: Change from manufacturing at home to factories.

8. Inventions Eli Whitney, Cotton Gin, 1793
Cotton production became highly profitable
"King Cotton" emerged in the South
Slavery, which had been dying out, saw a dramatic increase
By 1798: introduced principle of interchangeable parts

9. Inventions Samuel Slater, "Father of the Factory System", 1791
Built first efficient cotton- spinning machine "spinning jenny" in America
Developed a factory system to mass produce textiles

10. Inventions Samuel F. B. Morse, Telegraph, 1844
Eventually provided instant communication across large distances.
Significantly influenced business in the following decades

11. Inventions Elias Howe, Sewing Machine, 1846
Significance: Manufacturing of clothing went from the home to the factory.
Isaac Singer developed the machine further

12. Industrial North
Why did New England become center of the Industrial Revolution?
Rocky soil discouraged cash-crop farming; manufacturing more attractive.
Large amount of labor available.
Shipping brought in capital while seaports made easy imports and exports.
Rapid rivers provided water power.

13. Agrarian South Why didn’t the South industrialize?
Capital resources tied up in slaves.
Local consumers mostly poor, could not afford most finished products.
By 1850, industrial output exceeded agricultural output in America

14. Write, Pair Share
What predictions can you make about the different economies in the North and South? Jot down a few predictions. Share with a partner.

15. Transportation Revolution
Transportation conditions prior to the transportation revolution were very poor
Roads were bad much of the year: dusty in summer; muddy during rainy season.
It cost more to haul a ton of goods 9 miles inland from the ocean than to transport it from Europe.
Rivers ran mostly north and south; east-west travel often impossible for freight.

16. Transportation Revolution
Turnpikes (Toll Roads)
Cumberland (National) Road
By 1852, linked Cumberland in western Maryland to Vandalia in Illinois
Became vital highway to the west

17. Transportation Revolution
Steamboats
Robert Fulton: employed a steam engine on the Clermont in 1807
Significance: Changed all of America's navigable streams into 2-way arteries.

18. Transportation Revolution
Canals
Erie Canal (completed in 1825) in upstate New York--longest at this point
Significance: Shipping costs and times greatly reduced; creation of new cities

19. Transportation Revolution
Railroads
Most significant aspect of the Transportation Revolution.
Fast, reliable, cheaper than canals to construct; all-weather transportation through nearly all terrain.

20. Transportation Revolution
Prime motive: desire of the East to tap the resources of the West
Significance:
Created a national market economy.
Created regional specialization: west = grain; east = industry; south = cotton
Facilitated movement of America’s population westward

21. Exit Ticket
Write two truths and a lie about what you have learned today on one side of the notecard.
Write the answer (the lie) on the back.
Turn in to Mr. Rubner