1. Differential effects of calcium channel antagonists in the amelioration of radial artery vasospasm 
Brian R Bond, PhD, James L Zellner, MD, B.Hugh Dorman, MD, PhD, Marlina M Multani, BS, John M Kratz, MD, Arthur J Crumbley, MD, Fred A Crawford, MD, Francis G Spinale, MD, PhD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 69, Issue 4, Pages (April 2000)
DOI: /S (00)

2. Fig 1
Endothelin tension response curves were generated from RA samples (n = 4) exposed to increasing concentrations of endothelin (0.1 to 100 nM). These curves allowed for the computation of the concentration of endothelin necessary to induce 50% of maximal vasoconstriction (EC50 = 8.5 ± 1.2 nM). The concentration of endothelin used in subsequent RA experiments (10 nM) was based upon this EC50 value.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (00) )

3. Fig 2
Norepinephrine tension response curves were generated from RA samples (n = 13). Norepinephrine (1 μM) induced a time-dependent increase in RA developed tension that reached a plateau value after 5 minutes.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (00) )

4. Fig 3
The percent reduction in endothelin-induced RA developed tension with calcium channel antagonist treatment with diltiazem (125 ng/mL; n = 13), amlodipine (30 ng/mL; n = 13), and nifedipine (50 ng/mL; n = 10). Diltiazem did not significantly alter endothelin-induced vasoconstriction (p = 0.32 vs baseline). However, amlodipine or nifedipine significantly reduced endothelin-mediated vasoconstriction (∗p < 0.05 vs baseline). In addition, both amlodipine and nifedipine significantly reduced endothelin-mediated RA vasoconstriction when compared with diltiazem (#p < 0.05 vs diltiazem).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (00) )

5. Fig 4
The percent reduction in norepinephrine-induced RA developed tension with calcium channel antagonist treatment with diltiazem (125 ng/mL; n = 13), amlodipine (30 ng/mL; n = 13), and nifedipine (50 ng/mL; n = 10). Diltiazem did not significantly alter norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction (p = 0.86 vs baseline). However, amlodipine and nifedipine significantly reduced norepinephrine-mediated vasoconstriction (∗p < 0.05 vs baseline). In addition, both amlodipine and nifedipine significantly reduced norepinephrine-mediated RA vasoconstriction when compared with diltiazem (#p < 0.05 vs diltiazem).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (00) )