1. Formatting, Referencing and writing
ASSIGNMENT WRITING
Formatting, Referencing and writing

2. SEE THE 2019 REFERENCE GUIDE VISIT THE WRITING CENTRE FOR ASSISTANCE

3. BASICS Cover page – arial or times new roman 14 point size
Table of contents, 12 point
Introduction (beginning) and conclusion (end)
Body - Arial or times new roman, 12 point
Main headings = caps/upper case
Sub headings = sentence case
3rd level numbering, then bullets

4. Writing techniques for the business environment
Jack van der Walt
Student number:
PATHWAY: APCT5111
Lecturer: James Cook
21 June 2018
Writing techniques for the business environment
COVER PAGE
14 size font
Sentence case
PATHWAY in CAPS

5. TABLE OF CONTENTS Do not write the word theory as a subheading
Develop proper headings and sub-headings

6. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES 12 size font1.
INTRODUCTION 1 2.
MAIN HEADING 2 3.
3-4 4.
5-6 5.
5.1
Sub-heading 7 6.
6.1
6.1.1
Sub-sub-heading
8-10 7.
CONCLUSION
LIST OF REFERENCES 11
11-12 13
TABLE OF CONTENTS
No p. in front of page numbers
LIST OF REFERENCES (gets no
number)
12 size font
CAPS & Sentence case
MAIN HEADINGS
(1st level numbering)
Sub-headings
(2nd & 3rd level numbering)

7. ACTIVITY
Write: communication challenges in business contexts as main heading
Write: work-related values as first level sub-heading
Write: individualism versus collectivism and work and material gain as sub-sub- headings
Number each heading and subheading correctly

8. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES Example1.
INTRODUCTION 1 2.
COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN BUSINESS CONTEXTS 2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
Work-related values
Individualism versus Collectivism
Work and material gain
3-4
2.2
2.2.1
Quality versus Efficiency
Task versus Relationship priority
5-6 3.
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE LIST 11
11-12 13
Example

9. and things to keep in mind…
FORMATTING IN-TEXT
and things to keep in mind…

10. When you start with the BODY of your assignment EACH & EVERY section’s heading should look like the Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
This assignment will aim to investigate the role of communication in the work environment.
Table of contents 1.
INTRODUCTION

11. 2. COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN BUSINESS CONTEXTS
Table of contents 1.
INTRODUCTION 2.
2.1
2.1.1
COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN BUSINESS CONTEXTS
Work-related values
Individualism versus Collectivism
2. COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN BUSINESS CONTEXTS
Communication is defined by Littlejohn (2014) as a process where both people have to say something to make sure they understand each other. Relationships need both partners to have an opportunity to share their thoughts and the listening partner should have the opportunity to ask questions. This makes communication a two-way process

12. Table of contents 2.1 Work-related values1.
INTRODUCTION 2.
2.1
2.1.1
COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN BUSINESS CONTEXTS
Work-related values
Individualism versus Collectivism
2.1 Work-related values
Work-related values can be defined as …………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………… etc.

13. 2.1.1 Individualism versus Collectivism
Table of contents 1.
INTRODUCTION 2.
2.1
2.1.1
COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN BUSINESS CONTEXTS
Work-related values
Individualism versus Collectivism
2.1.1 Individualism versus Collectivism
According to Jenkins (2014:3) two work-related cultures can be identified in the South African corporate environment. Individualism is……..etc.

14. and things to keep in mind…
REFERENCING
and things to keep in mind…

15. NUMBERS
When referring to a number of objects, people, events FEWER than 10, write in words...
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine
When referring to a number of objects, people, events of 10 or more, write in numerical numbers...
10,
Does not apply to page numbers used during in-text referencing or in the table of contents

16. et al
Used when there are three or more authors, BUT only after you have referenced all of them at least once i.e.
According to Martin, Nakayama, Van Rheede van Oudtshoorn, and Schutte (2013:34-37) communication is a social science. Martin et al (2014:55) also conclude that communication is the main artery of all careers in business.

17. ‘&’ + :
We use the ampersand sign (&) between brackets to represent the word ‘and’ when referring to two authors BUT if the authors are part of the sentence we use the word and
We also use a colon (:) followed by a page number(s) between brackets
According to Martin, Nakayama, Van Rheede van Oudtshoorn, and Schutte (2013:34-37) communication is a social science. Martin et al (2013:55) also conclude that communication is the main artery of all careers in business. It is also said communication can make you successful in business (Kok & Pike, 2012:34).

18. IN-TEXT REFERENCING
Do not change the order of the authors during referencing, even if the second author’s surname starts with A and the first author’s surname starts with Z
Always add a date to the author’s name
NO initials or names of authors in-text
Example:
Zuka and Athol (2014) maintain that project management is the new future for South African careers.

19. Don’t use URLs in-text as referencing
Don’t use URLs in-text as referencing. Refer to the author of the website article or a company as reference with the date i.e. According to the Apple Corporation (2010), Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming a reality. In-text referencing with one author According to Jameson (2013) tertiary education should be accessible to all. Tertiary education should be available to all (Jameson, 2013). In-text referencing with two authors (part of sentence and at end) According to Jameson and Jenz (2013) tertiary education should be accessible to all. Tertiary education should be available to all (Jameson & Jenz, 2013).

20. In-text referencing using a study guide or module pacer According to the IIE (2012:23-29) intrapersonal communication is good for one’s self-esteem. In-text referencing using a website article Apple (2016) states that technology will develop the ability to read emotions by **NO URLs in in-text referencing

21. REFERENCE LIST

22. List all sources alphabetically from A to Z
Do not just use URLs as source, you need to provide a full reference
Do not change authors around. Keep and list them exactly as they appear on the cover page of the text book or article
DO NOT number the heading REFERENCE LIST
DO NOT number each reference in the REFERENCE LIST
If you have two separate sources with the same author in the same year, list them as a and b.
Example:
Denver, E. 2014a. Go fly away. Cape Town: Juta and Company Ltd.
Denver, E. 2014b. Fly this way. Cape Town: Juta and Company Ltd.

23. Use ‘and’ not ‘&’ in the REFERENCE LIST when listing two or more authors
Example:
Du Plooy-Cilliers, F., Davis, C. and Bezuidenhout, R Research matters. Claremont: Juta and Company Ltd.
Place before publishers
Attend to full stops and commas!!!!!!!!!!
Left-align with no indentation
Open line between each reference

24. Examples of REFERENCING sources used most often Book with one author King, E.J The history of naval vessels. 3rd edition. Oxford: Miller Publishing. Book with three or more authors Kingsley, J., Beard, M.L. and Herbst, D.G The Hiroshima bombings. Pretoria: Van Schaiks.

25. IIE Manual IIE. 2016. Higher Certificate in Law
IIE Manual IIE Higher Certificate in Law. LBHC5311 Law Practice Year 1. The Independent Institute of Education: Unpublished. Website Jones, D.M Why people watch TV. [online]. Available at: [Accessed 19 June 2016]. Harvard Business School, Why people still read magazines. [online]. Available at: [Accessed 19 June 2016].

26. Online Journals Joiner, EJ. and Jackson, W. 2012
Online Journals Joiner, EJ. and Jackson, W An investigation of drinking behaviour during exposure to beer advertisements. Journal of Social Behaviour. [e-journal] 4(4). Available through: Ebscohost database. [16 June 2013].