1. Skeletal System

2. 2 Types of Skeletons

3. 2 Types of Skeletons Exoskeleton: Outside the body Endoskeleton:
Inside the body

4. Functions of the Skeletal System
1. Provides shape and support.
2. Protects internal organs.
3. Muscles are attached to bones which provide movement.
4. Bone marrow makes blood cells.
5. Minerals stored in bones (calcium and phosphorus)

5. Are Bones Alive?
Yes!
Bone is made of cells which do all of the life functions like other cells.

6. Parts of Bone

7. Periosteum
The covering on the outside of the bone, a tough, tight fitting membrane.

8. Compact Bone Under the periosteum.
A hard, strong layer of bone made of bone cells, blood vessels, protein, calcium and phosphorus.

9. Spongy Bone Found on the end of long bone.
Less dense than compact bone with many holes in it.
This decreases the mass while staying strong.

10. Bone Marrow Located inside long bones.
Produces 2 million red blood cells per second.
Also makes white blood cells.

11. Interesting facts
When you were born, your skeleton had around 350 bones.
By the time you become an adult,you will only have around 206 bones.
This is because, as you grow, some of the bones join together to form one bone.

12. Skull and upper jaw 21 bones 3 tiny bones in each ear
How Many Bones?
Skull and upper jaw 21 bones
3 tiny bones in each ear
Lower jaw (mandible)
Front neck bone (hyoid)
Backbone or spine (26 separate bones or vertebrae)
Ribs (12 pairs - same number for men and women)
Breastbone
Each upper limb has 32 bones: 2 in shoulder, 3 in arm, 8 in wrist, in hand and fingers.
Each lower limb has 31 bones: 1 in hip (one side of pelvis), 4 in leg, in ankle, 19 in foot and toes.
Total = 206 bones

13. DO NOW List the functions of the skeletal system
What are the four parts of bone?
List and describe their function.

14. 1. Cranium
2 Mandible
4. Clavicle
3. Scapula
5. Sternum
6. Humerus
7. Ribs (Costa)
8. Floating Ribs
22. Vertebrae
9. Radius
11. Pelvis
10. Ulna
12. Carpals
13. Metacarpals
14. Phalanges
15. Femur
16. Patella
18. Fibula
Fracture
17. Tibia
19. Tarsals
20. Metatarsals
21. Phalanges

16. Cartilage
Soft, flexible tissue which provides a cushion between bones and absorbs shock while allowing some flexibility.
Found where two bones meet
Found between vertebrae
Found where ribs meet the sternum.
Found in tip of nose and ears.

17. Interesting Facts
Baby skeletons are made of cartilage, by the age of two cartilage has turned to bone.
Cartilage on our ears and nose continue to grow all our lives.

18. DO NOW What is cartilage?
What is the function of cartilage and where do you find it?

19. Where Bone meets Bone… Joints Types of Joints
Same Here!
Nice to meet you!
Joints
Where bone attaches to another bone
Described by their movements
Types of Joints
Immovable (Fixed)
Semi-Movable
Movable

20. Joints The bones join together to form joints.
Our bones are held together
by strong stretchy bands
called ligaments.

21. Five major joints
1. Immovable: Where two bones meet, but there is no movement.

22. 2. Ball and Socket: A ball-like structure on one bone fits into a socket of another bone. Can move 360º

23. 3. Hinge: Can move in only one direction like a hinge on a door.

24. 4. Gliding: One part of a bone slides over another bone
4. Gliding: One part of a bone slides over another bone. They move in a back and forth motion. Wrist, ankle, vertebrae

25. 5. Pivot: One bone rotates while the other stays stationary
5. Pivot: One bone rotates while the other stays stationary. Turning your head. Also found where your radius and ulna meet.

26. The knee Joint

27. DO NOW 1. Which joint only bends in one direction?
2. Which joint has the most range of motion?
3. Which joint involves one bone sliding over the other?
4. Give an example of a pivot joint.

28. BUT WHAT MAKES OUR BONES MOVE?!

29. Muscles

30. Functions of Muscles MOVEMENT!
Muscles contract and relax to allow movement.
They move your bones.
They pump blood.

31. Both lists involve muscles, what is different about them?
Heart beating running
Peristalsis sitting
Blinking turning your head

32. Voluntary Vs. Involuntary
Voluntary Muscle: Muscles you can consciously control.
Involuntary Muscle: Muscle you do not consciously control them.

33. Difference between voluntary and involuntary muscle
Striated or smooth cells.
Striations make the muscle stronger.

34. Striated muscle is voluntary and strong.
Smooth muscle is involuntary.

35. 3 Types of Muscle 1. Striated (skeletal) Muscle:
This muscle moves bone and is striated and voluntary.

36. 2. Smooth Muscle This muscle is smooth and involuntary. Ex:
Digestive system
Blinking
choking

37. 3. Cardiac Muscle Only found in the heart
Unique because it is striated and involuntary.
Why?
This makes the muscle strong and you don’t have to tell your heart to beat.

39. DO NOW Give an example of voluntary and involuntary muscle.
What is the difference between striated and smooth muscle.

40. Tendons
Tendons attach muscle to bone.

41. How do muscles work? 1. Muscles always pull bones, they never push.
2. Muscles always work in pairs.
When one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.
Ex: biceps and triceps

42. Interesting Facts
Muscles use oxygen for energy. When oxygen runs out another pathway is used and you buildup of lactic acid which causes cramps.
There are a specific number of muscles in your body, exercise makes each muscle cell bigger.