1. Organizing Life
Chapter 4
Ms. Cuthrell
Ecology
2nd Period

2. The Kingdoms of Life
Organisms are classified based on their characteristics.
Six kingdoms:
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Fungi
Protists
Plants
Animals

3. Bacteria
Bacteria
Single cell, no cell nuclei, and reproduce by dividing in half
Archaebacteria
Live in harsh environments
Ex: Methanogens and thermophiles
Eubacteria
Extremely common
Ex: Proteobacteria and cyanobacteria

4. Bacteria Uses in the environment Break down waste and remains
Recycle minerals (nitrogen and phosphorous)
Convert nitrogen from the air into a form used by plants
Helps to digest food

5. Fungi
Organisms whose cells have nuclei, cell walls, and no chlorophyll
Absorb food through their body
Live mostly on land
Ex: Mushrooms, molds, mildews

6. Fungi Uses in the environment Break down dead organisms
Add flavor to food
Makes bread rise (yeast)

7. Protists
Protists
Wide range of organism from single to many-cells. Usually live in water
Ex: Diatoms, algae, seaweed, phytoplankton, Plasmodium

8. Protists Uses in the environment:
Base of the food chain for most fresh and ocean water ecosystems

9. Plants
Plants
Many-celled organism that make their own food using the sun’s energy and have cell walls
Lower plants, gymnosperms, angiosperms

10. Plants- Lower Lower Plants No roots Do not grow very big
Lived in damp places
Ex: Ferns and mosses

11. Plants- Gymnosperms Gymnosperms
Woody plants whose seeds are not enclosed in fruits
Found in much dryer places than Lower Plants
Conifers (produces cones)
Produce pollen and seeds
Ex: Pine trees
Responsible for most of the lumber and paper

12. Plants- Angiosperms Angiosperms
Flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit
Produce pollen
Rely on animals to carry pollen and seeds
Most of the food we eat
Ex: oak trees and cotton

13. Animals
Animals
Many cells, no cell walls, ingest food, live on land and in water
Much more mobile than plants
Move around in at least 1 stage of their lives

14. Animals- Invertebrates
Animals without backbones
Many live in the ocean attached to a hard surface
Some move around only when they are larvae
Ex: Coral, mollusks, worms
Other are active all of their lives
Ex: Squid, insects

15. Animals- Vertebrates Animals with backbones Most now live on land
Fish, amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles
The 1st vertebrates were fish
Most now live on land
The 1st land vertebrates were amphibians

16. Classification
Remember that all organisms are classified according to certain traits.
These organisms are also named according to the traits they do and do not possess.

17. Classification
Organism names start with the most broad (Kingdom) and end with the most specific (Species) name.
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Easy way to remember: King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti.