1. Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Vitamin D Status and Associations in Newborn, Formula Fed Infants During Initial Hospitalization
Corrine Hanson, PhD, RD: University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)
Laura Armas, MD: Creighton University
Elizabeth Lyden, MS: UNMC
Ann Anderson-Berry, MD: UNMC
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Hanson, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (December).

2. Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Vitamin D Status and Associations in Newborn, Formula Fed Infants During Initial Hospitalization
Study Objective
Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
To examine the vitamin D status in population of hospitalized infants who receive standard formula feedings with and without supplemental vitamin D during their stay in the Newborn Intensive Care Nursery (NICU)
Infants were randomized to two groups: One group received 400 International Units vitamin D3 in addition to formula, one group received a placebo.
Fifty-six formula fed, NICU hospitalized infants with a gestational age of 32 weeks or greater were enrolled over 1 year
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Hanson, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (December).

3. Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Vitamin D Status and Associations in Newborn, Formula Fed Infants During Initial Hospitalization
Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
25(OH)D Levels were measured on Cord Blood at birth
The mean cord blood level was 17.6 ng/mL
There was no statistical significance in the 25(OH)D levels of the cord blood between mothers who reported taking or not taking prenatal vitamins (p=0.10)
White infants had statistically higher mean cord blood levels than non-white infants ( 21.1 vs ng/ml, p=0.0001).
A positive association existed between cord blood 25(OH)D levels and serum calcium levels in the first week of life (r=0.44, p=0.003)
Cord blood levels also positively correlated with gestational age (r=0.35, p=0.015)
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Hanson, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (December).

4. Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Vitamin D Status and Associations in Newborn, Formula Fed Infants During Initial Hospitalization
Vitamin D status over the NICU hospitalization
Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
There was an overall significant change in 25(OH)D levels over 14 days (p=0.0001) for infants in the NICU.
The supplemented group had higher 25(OH)D levels at day 7 compared to cord blood (p=0.0001), and day 14 compared to day 7 (p=0.04).
The placebo group showed increasing 25(OH)D levels, however the effect lessened with time (cord blood vs day 14, p=.022, day 7 vs day 14, p=0.35)
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Hanson, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (December).

5. Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Vitamin D Status and Associations in Newborn, Formula Fed Infants During Initial Hospitalization
Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Change in 25 (OH)D levels (ng/mL), by randomization group
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Hanson, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (December).

6. Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Vitamin D Status and Associations in Newborn, Formula Fed Infants During Initial Hospitalization
Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
25(OH)D Levels at Discharge
The mean 25(OH)D level of both groups remained below 30 ng/mL at discharge.
Treated group: ng/mL
Placebo group: ng/mL (p=0.007).
The mean 25(OH)D levels at discharge of the treated group was significantly higher than the placebo group (p=0.007).
There was a statistically significant difference in the mean 25(OH)D levels between white and non-white infants at discharge ( vs ng/mL, p=0.0013).
25(OH)D levels showed a statistically significant negative correlation with parathyroid hormone levels (r=-0.35, p=0.02).
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Hanson, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (December).

7. Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Vitamin D Status and Associations in Newborn, Formula Fed Infants During Initial Hospitalization
Summary of 25(OH)D levels over time, by randomization and race
Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
25(OH)D
Mean +SD
All Infants
White Infants
Non-white Infants
P-values
Supplement Infants
Placebo Infants
Cord Blood
0.0001
0.19
Range
Number of Subjects 47 25 22 23 24
Day 7
0.0014
Number of subjects 38 20 18
Day 14
0.02 11 9
Day 21 6
Discharge
0.001
0.007 50 27
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Hanson, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (December).

8. Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Vitamin D Status and Associations in Newborn, Formula Fed Infants During Initial Hospitalization
Conclusions
Serum Vitamin C (mg/dl) by Salad Intake
Given vitamin D’s relationship with bone health and associations found in this study with hypocalcemia and elevated PTH, consideration should be given to supplementing preterm, formula fed infants in the NICU to achieve desirable 25(OH)D concentrations during their initial hospitalization.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
Hanson, et al. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111 (December).