1. Endocrine System

2. Function Maintain Homeostasis (Balance)
Communicates and coordinates physiological responses

3. Hormones Chemical messengers Tropic (Trophic) Hormones
Stimulate physiological responses in other cells
Target Cells
Tropic (Trophic) Hormones
Hormone whose target is another endocrine gland.

4. Hormone Production and Distribution
Endocrine Glands
Gland: an organ specialized to produce secretions
Distribution
Relies on blood circulatory system
How does this compare to nervous system?

5. Endocrine Glands Hypothalamus Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Pancreas
Adrenal
Gonads
Ovaries, Testes

6. Hypothalamus Location- Base of brain case
Functions- Regulation of Primitive or Basal activities such as sex drive and water balance

7. Pituitary gland Location- Sphenoid bone of the skull Anterior Lobe
Produces Six hormones that Regulate
Reproduction, Growth, Activity of the Thyroid Gland
Posterior Lobe
No hormone production only storage of hypothalamic hormones

8. Thyroid Largest endocrine gland
Location- Wrapped around anterior and lateral sides of Trachea, just below Larynx
Hormone- Thyroid Hormone
Function- Increases Metabolic Rate

9. Adrenal Glands
Location- 2 glands one superior to each Kidney.

10. Adrenal Glands (Fight or Flight Response) Stress and immune supression
Sex steroids- sex hormones

11. Pancreas Location- Inferior and posterior to Stomach Secretion of
Insulin- converts glucose to glycogen
Function- Glucose Regulation

12. Gonads Male- Testes Female- Ovary
Secrete Androgens such as Testosterone
Female- Ovary
Secrete Estrogen and Progesterone

13. Pineal Gland Attached to upper part of thalamus
Secretes hormone Melatonin
Response to light conditions.
Acts upon “biological clock” or Circadian Rhythms

15. Thymus Located posterior to the sternum, between the lungs
Secretes Thymosin, affects white blood cells and immunity

17. Disorders Hypothyroidism (Creatinism)
Children: mental retardation, development abnormalities
Adults: lethargy, obesity
Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ Disease)
Weight loss, sweating, nervousness, sleeplessness
Goiter
-----a hypertrophy of the thyroid gland resulting from iodine deficiency

19. Disorders Pituitary Dwarfism- Insufficient secretion of Growth Hormone
Gigantism- Over-secretion of Growth Hormone

20. Disorders
Diabetes Mellitus- Disruption of Metabolism due to lack of insulin or lack of response to insulin.
Symptoms- Excessive Urine, Intense Thirst, and Ravenous Hunger
Type I- (Juvenile of Insulin Dependant) Destruction of Insulin Producing Cells
Type II- (Adult or Noninsulin Dependant) Target cells resistant to Insulin