1. The Middle Ages (Medieval Times)

2. Feudalism-political system of the (exchange grants for loyalties)
Parts of the feudal system
Estate/Manor- an estate granted to nobles for their loyalties (military service)
Vassal- landowning noble
Serfs- peasants who worked land for nobles (given plots to work and live in exchange for taxes and soldiering)

3. B. Other terms for the feudal system
Homage- pledge of loyalty
Code of knighthood (good manners)- brave, truthful, defend church, respect women
C. Hierarchy of feudal system
Kings-at the top-provide land for vassals
Lived in castles
Castles are on hills or surrounded by moats for protection

4. Medieval Society A. Economic advances
2. Vassals- nobles dukes, lords, etc.-provide military (knights)
3. Serfs- bottom- peasant farmers who worked the land
Medieval Society
A. Economic advances
Expansion of towns and roads = expansion of trade (to be a town you had to receive a charter)
Expansion of trade = new inventions and ideas

5. B. Development of Businesses
New inventions = better farming (Ex. Plow)
Money economy, no barter system
B. Development of Businesses
Guilds- groups of businesses who would control the market, they set prices and regulated their town business (keep out competition)
Masters- owners of shops (skilled artisans)
Journeyman- a paid apprentice (would become a master when they submitted their own masterpiece)

6. C. Negative Aspects of growing population in cities
4. Apprentice- worked for master without pay to learn the trade
The development of business is the beginning of the modern middle class family
C. Negative Aspects of growing population in cities
Overcrowding = less jobs
Overcrowding = more crime
Overcrowding = more disease
Bubonic Plague(black death)
Killed 1/3 of Europe population

7. E. Advances in literature and art
Rebirth of epics (narrative poem)- Beowulf
Troubadours- traveling poet musicians (told stories)
Vernacular-Canterbury Tales(Geoffrey Chaucer)
Gothic architecture- high arches, buttresses