1. What Is Biology?
Chapter 1

2. Biology
Bio- life
-ology the study of
Biology - THE STUDY OF LIFE

3. What is LIFE? What is LIVING?
Scientists conclude that a group of things is living if, at sometime, the members of the group meet ALL of the 7 characteristics of life.
- What are some living things?
- What are some non-living things?

4. What is an ORGANISM?
Any living thing.

5. Living, Non-living & Dead
Meet ALL 7 characteristics of life.
Non-living-
Do not meet ALL 7 characteristics of life.
Dead (once living)-
At one time, met ALL 7 characteristics of life.

6. What are the 7 Characteristics Of Life?
Organisms are organized.
Organisms maintain homeostasis.
Organisms metabolize.
Organisms respond to their surroundings.
Organisms make more living things.
Organisms pass traits to offspring.
Organisms grow.

7. Organisms are ORGANIZED
Have order- an orderly structure.
Specialized parts do specific jobs, but they all work together.
Individual cells are also organized; each part doing a special job.
Example:
The human body is organized:
Cells>Tissues>Organs> Organ Systems> Organisms

8. Maintain Homeostasis Homeo- Homeostasis the same
Maintenance of internal environment; maintaining a constant balance or equilibrium
Example: Sweating or shivering to maintain a constant body temperature.

9. Organisms metabolize.
Organisms need power (energy) to perform metabolic life functions.
Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions carried out by the organism.
Autotroph- “self-feeder”
An organism that has the ability to obtain energy from sunlight or inorganic substances and produce its own food supply.
Energy source- sunlight
Examples- plants
Heterotroph- “other-feeder”
An organism that must get its energy from food sources.
Energy sources- chemicals, other organisms, decaying matter
Examples- animals, fungus

10. Organisms respond to their surroundings.
Response to a stimulus
Adjusting to a change in the environment
Example: Squinting in the sunlight
Usually temporary
Adaptation
Any structure or behavior that increases an organism’s chance of survival

11. Organisms make more living things.
Reproduction: making more of the species; producing offspring.
Organisms can only come from other organisms.
If organisms did not reproduce, the species would go extinct.

12. Asexual Vs. Sexual Reproduction
A-= no, without
Asexual= without sex
The creation of offspring from one parent. Produces an offspring with no genetic variation; exactly the same as the parent.
Bacteria, Planarians, Cells
The creation of offspring from two parents. Produces an offspring with genetic variation.
Requires fertilization of an egg by a sperm.

13. Heredity Parents pass their traits onto offspring.
Inherited characteristics change over time. This can lead to evolution.

14. Organisms change during their lives.
Growth & Development
Growth: Cells get larger and more numerous.
Organisms develop more/different structures.
Organisms will experience many physical changes throughout the life cycle.