1. Assessing Clients with Respiratory Disorders
Chapter 21

2. The Upper Respiratory System
Nose
Sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea

3. The Lower Respiratory System
Lungs
Pleura
Bronchi and Alveoli
Rib Cage
Intercostal Muscles

4. Healthy Lungs

5. Diseased Lungs

6. Anatomy of Respiratory System

7. Gas Exchange CO2 and O2

8. Assessment of Respiratory Function
Health Assessment Interview
Describe any respiratory problems
dyspnea?
Difficult or labored breathing
coughing?
Past medical history?

9. The Physical Assessment
Nose
shape, color, flaring, inflammation
Thorax
Inspection
Respiratory rate
tachypnea - abnormally rapid
bradypnea - abnormally low
Intercostal retractions

10. The Physical Assessment
Auscultation
have client take slow deep
breaths through mouth
listen anteriorly and posteriorly
crackles - short bubbling sounds
wheeze - continuous musical sound
Why might you hear diminished breath sounds?