1. AIR BIOLOGY REVIEW
Ecology

2. HOMEOSTASIS KEY AIR VOCAB WORD:
Nature maintains a balance in the ecosystem
“HOW?” You ask?

3. Nutrient cycles Predator – prey relationships
Primary & secondary succession

4. Recycling Matter! Water!
Matter cycles through and between living organisms and the nonliving environment.
Carbon!
Nitrogen!
Water!
Phosphorus!
But, human activity throws the balance out of whack!

6. Humans burn too much fossil fuels → too much CO2 in air
Carbon Cycle
CO2
Humans burn too much fossil fuels → too much CO2 in air

7. Bacteria play a HUGE role in this cycle

8. Humans use too much fertilizer → too much Phosphates in soil = runoff
Phosphorus Cycle
Humans use too much fertilizer → too much Phosphates in soil = runoff
eutrophication→
algal blooms→ hypoxia

9. What You Need to Know…. Ecology - continued -
Energy FLOWS in a one-way direction...
…up the food chain
(or web)

10. 1st Trophic Level are producers
Figure 19.23
Quaternary,
tertiary,
and secondary consumers
Tertiary and
secondary consumers
Secondary and
primary consumers
Primary consumers
Producers (plants)
Trophic
levels
1st Trophic Level are producers
Healthy ecosystem this will be the largest

11. Only _____ of the energy in any one trophic level is available to be passed to the next level.
10%
HEAT
LIFE PROCESSES

12. Know feeding relationships:
What You Need to Know…. Ecology - continued -
Know feeding relationships:
Autotrophs (producers)
Photosynthetic or
chemosynthetic

13. Heterotrophs (consumers)

14. Know factors that affect an organism in its environment
What You Need to Know…. Ecology - continued -
Know factors that affect an organism in its environment
1) Biotic factors
2) Abiotic factors
Soil
Precipitation
Light
Temperature
Bodies of water

15. Makeup of an ecosystem
Species – similar organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Population – organisms of the same species in a particular location
Community – populations of organisms of different species found in a particular ecosystem.

16. Organisms & the environment are INTERDEPENDENT
AIR Main Idea:
Organisms & the environment are INTERDEPENDENT

17. AIR Main Idea:
BIODIVERSITY

18. a. predation b. competition c. symbiosis
How living things interact with each other in their community:
a. predation
b. competition
c. symbiosis

19. Predation Homeostasis! Predator eats prey
Evolve in response to one another

20. Know how populations affect one another
Predator-prey relationship

21. 2 Types of Competition
Intraspecific – same species compete for a resource
example: lion vs lion
Interspecific – two different species are competing
Ex: lion vs hyena

22. Species Tend to Avoid Competition… so they do Niche Partitioning

23. Another example of Niche Partitioning

24. POPULATION ECOLOGY

25. Population Growth Rate
Calculate Growth = birth rate-death rate
AND immigration - emigration

26. Types of Growths & Population Graphs
Exponential Growth
Must have abundant/unlimited resources!

27. Types of Growths & Population Graphs
Logistic Growth
Resources become limited
Other limiting factors come into play
Carrying capacity is reached

28. Carrying Capacity
Maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support without depleting resources
Limiting factors:
Food availability
Competition
Disease
Predation
Natural Disasters

29. Human Growth – Exponential!
Since the Industrial Revolution

30. Know how humans are altering (impacting) the ecosystem
Sulfur dioxide
Logging
CFCs
Increased greenhouse gases
Fertilizer runoff
Deforestation
Ozone Depletion
Climate Change / Global Warming
Overgrowth of algae in lakes (eutrophication)
Acid Rain

31. Know Solutions to These Problems!
Lifestyle Changes (such as?)
REDUCE, REUSE, RECYLCE
PASS LAWS!!
Protect habitats
Protect endangered species
Stop overfishing or hunting

32. Biomagnification
An increase in environmental toxins at higher tropic levels
Ex. DDT and birds of prey

33. LET’S CHECK WHAT YOU KNOW

36. In some places, human sewage is dumped into the ocean or another body of water. The nutrients present in sewage cause excessive growth of algae. The algae die and are consumed by bacteria in the water. What effect does an increase in the number of bacteria have on water quality?
a) It reduces oxygen levels in the water.
b) It raises the temperature of the water.
c) It helps to mix the water on the surface with the water at the bottom.
d) It increases the amount of sunlight that reaches the bottom of the water.

38. A. Increase the concentration of atmospheric ozone.
Methane (CH4) from Ohio’s Rose Valley coal mine has successfully been used to power fuel cells. Since the fuel used in these cells is not burned, using methane from the mine will help to
A. Increase the concentration of atmospheric ozone.
B. reduce public demand for alternative fuel sources.
C. increase public awareness of global warming issues.
D. reduce pollutants commonly associated with fossil fuel combustion.

43. The End!

49. A biological community is most stable when
a) consumers outnumber producers.
b) there is a great deal of biodiversity.
c) new species immigrate into the region.
d) major changes occur in the abiotic factors of the environment.

50. In addition to carbon dioxide, what chemical compound is released into the atmosphere as a result of processes #2 and #5 A. B. C. D.