1. Effect of pre-emptive ketamine on sensory changes and postoperative pain after thoracotomy: comparison of epidural and intramuscular routes 
Ozyalcin N.S. , Yucel A. , Camlica H. , Dereli N. , Andersen O.K. , Arendt-Nielsen L.  
British Journal of Anaesthesia 
Volume 93, Issue 3, Pages (September 2004)
DOI: /bja/aeh220
Copyright © 2004 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Intraoperative fentanyl consumption. *Fentanyl consumption was significantly lower in the epidural ketamine group than in the control group (P<0.01).
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aeh220)
Copyright © 2004 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Postoperative morpine (a) and marcaine (b) consumptions. (a) *Total morphine requirement was significantly lower in the i.m. ketamine group than in the control group. **Total morphine requirement was significantly lower in the epidural ketamine group than in the i.m. ketamine and control groups. (b) **Total bupivacaine requirement was significantly lower in the epidural ketamine group than in the i.m. ketamine and control groups.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aeh220)
Copyright © 2004 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions