1. MkIII Whitehead Torpedo

2. 3-inch m1902 Seacoast artillery

3. M1903 Springfield rifle

4. Maxim machine gun

5. Browning m1895

6. Colt m1911

7. Smokeless powder

8. 3-inch m1902 field artillery

9. Bliss-Leavitt mkVIi torpedo

10. Reorganizing the military

11. Elihu root Secretary of War, 1899-1904
Desperate need for reorganization
Apply “efficiency of industrialization” to the military
Integration of War Department, elements of the Regular Army, the militia, and the volunteers

12. Perceived weaknesses
Commanding General:
Discipline and control of troops in the field
Division of authority (Commanding General and Secretary of War)
Lack of long-term planning
Secretary of War:
Administration and fiscal matters
Conducted through bureau chiefs

13. Elihu’s Proposal Replace Commanding General with Chief of Staff
Adviser and agent of the President through the Secretary
Creation of new General Staff
Devote full time to preparing military plans
Congress adopted Chief of Staff and General Staff in 1903

14. Continued development
General Staff reorganized to remove time-consuming procedures; more time dedicated to planning
Establishment of Army War College (1903)
Officers trained at Fort Leavenworth in combined arms and directing larger units
1905- Field Service Regulation for organization of troops in the field

15. Other changes Creation of Medical reserve corps
Division of artillery to Coastal and Field
Quartermaster Corps
Subsistence + Pay Departments
First army “aeroplane” commissioned and purchased in 1909 from the Wright Brothers

17. The regular army and militia
Army = ~75,000 officers and soldiers
1903- Congress revised Militia Act of 1792
Two classes:
Organized Militia (National Guard)
Reserve Militia
Federal funds made available
1908 & reduced restrictions on President in calling and controlling Guard personnel

18. Creation of larger units
Largest permanent unit = regiment
Field Service Regulation (1905)
Plans for three divisions composed of regular + volunteer regiments
Instead, provisional division (29,000) of three brigades (13,000) each
Assembly took several months and was far from operational by 1911
Botched attempts to assemble troops lead to more efficient assembly in Texas by 1913