1. Land Vocabulary

2. Genetic Engineering
The technology in which genetic material in a living cell is modified for medical or industrial use

3. Biological Pest Control
The use of living organisms to
control pests

4. Chemicals used to kill insects, weeds,
Pesticide
Chemicals used to kill insects, weeds,
and other crop pests

5. The accumulation of salts in the soil
Salinization
The accumulation of salts in the soil

6. Partly decomposed organic material
Compost
Partly decomposed organic material

7. Desertification
Process by which land in arid or semiarid areas becomes more desert-like because of human activity or climatic changes

8. The wearing away of rock or soil
Erosion
The wearing away of rock or soil
by wind and water

9. Land that can be used to grow crops
Arable Land
Land that can be used to grow crops

10. Malnutrition
A condition that occurs when people do not consume enough Calories or do not eat a sufficient variety of foods to fulfill all of the body’s needs

11. Widespread starvation caused by
Famine
Widespread starvation caused by
a shortage of food

12. Wilderness
An area in which the land and the ecosystems it supports are protected from all exploitation

13. Reforestation
The process by which trees are planted to re-establish trees that have been cut down on forest land

14. The clearing of trees from an area without replacing them
Deforestation
The clearing of trees from an area without replacing them

15. Allowing more animals to graze in an area than the range can support
Overgrazing
Allowing more animals to graze in an area than the range can support

16. Determining in advance how
Land-Use Planning
Determining in advance how
land will be used

17. Heat Island
Area in which the air temperature is generally higher than the temperature of the surrounding rural areas

18. Rapid expansion of a city into the countryside around the city
Urban Sprawl
Rapid expansion of a city into the countryside around the city

19. All of the things that a society builds for public use
Infrastructure
All of the things that a society builds for public use

20. Movement of people from
Urbanization
Movement of people from
rural areas to cities

21. Ecosystem Services Resources that are produced by
natural and artificial ecosystems

22. Rural
Land that contains relatively few people and have large areas of open space

23. Urban
Land that is covered mainly
with buildings and roads

24. Agroforesty
Agriculture incorporating the cultivation and conservation of trees.

25. Aquaculture
The rearing of aquatic animals or the cultivation of aquatic plants for food.

26. Polyculture
The simultaneous cultivation of several crops or animals.

27. Traditional Agriculture
Based on treating the soil and plants with products that are more than likely produced in a laboratory.

28. Monoculture
The cultivation of a single crop in a given area.

29. Industrial Agriculture
Dominant for food production in the US. It is large scale monoculture and heavy use of fertilizers.

30. Bioaccumlulation
Accumulation of substances such as pesticides or other chemicals in an organism.

31. Biomagnification
The concentration of toxins in an organism as a result of its ingesting of other plants and animals in which toxins are more widely
disbursed.

32. Driftnets
A large net for herring or similar fish, kept upright by weights at the bottom & floats at the top and allowed to drift with the tide

33. Herbicide
A substance that is toxic to plants, used to destroy unwanted vegetation.

34. Fungicide
A Biocidal chemical used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores.
Causes serious damage in agriculture, resulting in critical losses of yield, quality and profit.

35. Green Revolution
A large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides and high-yield crop varieties.

36. GMO’s
Genetically Modified Organisms – living organisms whose genetic material has be artificially manipulated in a lab.

37. Marine Reserves
A type of marine protected area that has legal protection against fishing or development. Less than 1% of the world’s oceans are set aside in marine reserves.

38. Dead Zone
A more common term for hypoxia, which has to due with a reduced level of oxygen in the water.
Low oxygen causes animal life to suffocate and die.