1. PG Expectations Vs. REALITIES
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2. Resources are not as they became
The elements of nature are not resources until people have found a value for them
Economist, Erich Zimmermann
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3. LISTEN TO THE SUBSTANCE NOT THE GRAMMAR YES, DON MIND!
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4. PRESENTER ALHAJI MALAH GALTI EXPERT IN ACADEMIC WRITING
MENTORED BY PROF. UMMUL KHAIR
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5. LETS BEGIN PRACTICE AND DRILLING
i. APPRECIATION
(Why we need this discussion? Ethical issues. Some Important guides, among others)
ii. May be
PRACTICE AND DRILLING
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6. Lets appreciate that
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One has to understand the rules in Research writing and
One of which is the following of a standardized style of acknowledging other’s ideas and findings
That’s what makes an academic research writing different from other forms of writing
Therefore, an academic writing is a scientific writing by researchers and students, following a systematic procedure laid down based on particular discourse (genre/profession).
ONLY ACCEPTED WRITING GETS PUBLISHED

7. DESTINATION OF OUR RESEARCH WASTED EFFORT! KO?
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8. An Academic Writing- Requires Proper Acknowledgement.
Properly acknowledging other’s work is necessary: MUST in Research writing.
Because it may reduces PLAGIARISM,
Plagiarism?
(Pls. more about plagiarism)
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9. Conti…
Only appropriate citation could reduce plagiarism; if one follows the recommended style, and according to their guide.
That is why supervisors/Reviewers make disturbing comments on your work
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10. BAMALAH'S CONTACT WITH UNIMAID PG STUDENTS

11. WHICH STYLE? WHOSE STYLE?
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WHICH STYLE? WHOSE STYLE?
There are many different referencing styles (over 400). Few examples:
*A guide to APA referencing – 6th edition
*The Harvard System
*MLA Citation Generation‎
It is essential to follow the style specified in your profession/ PG school. Not to mix styles.
Consistency of style is important while citing/writing reference

12. Then, What is Reference?
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Referencing is a standard convention within the academic and professional communities designed to inform readers of the sources of information used in a piece of written work.
There are a number of referencing formats in common use, with certain styles preferred in different academic departments.
The APA system is that which is most commonly used.

13. – you may be accused of plagiarism and infringing copyright.
It is important (morally & legally) to acknowledge someone else’s ideas or words you have used. Academic writing encourages paraphrasing information you have researched and read.
Paraphrasing means re-wording something you have read in to your own words (taking only the idea). If you use someone else’s words or work and fail to acknowledge them …
– you may be accused of plagiarism and infringing copyright.
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14. Why references?
Referencing correctly enables the reader of your research to locate the source of the information. They can verify the information or read further on the topic.
Referencing also allows for you to retrace your steps and locate information you have used for research and discover further views or ideas discussed by the author.
By referencing clearly and correctly, it demonstrates you have undertaken research on the work.
How then do we cite a reference?
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15. There are two Main Styles of Referencing:
1. The first indicating within your work the sources of the information you have used to write your research. This demonstrates support for your ideas, arguments and views.
This referencing is not only citing authors’ names and date, but also, identifying your stand from other’s voice (in order words, synthesizing what you reviewed and evaluated- the Lit. Review).
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16. Conti. …
Sometimes this is referred to as: citing in text, in text citations or text citations
Consider the following as some of the basic rules while citing in-text-citation:
INTEXT CITATION
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17. Cont. …
2. The second part of referencing is the construction of a reference list. The reference list shows the complete details of everything you cited and appears on a separate page, at the end of your work.
for example: reference list at the end of work
Therefore, everything you have cited in the text MUST appear in your reference list and likewise... everything that appears in your reference list will have been cited in the text! Check this prior to handing in your research work to, PLS, avoid unnecessary attack on omission of a cited source.
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18. What (Then) is Endnote software?
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One thing you need to have, to do all these is the ENDNOTE SOFTWARE; install into your PC and activate it with Your MS office (MS word)
What (Then) is Endnote software?

19. I HOPE YOU ENJOYED THE TALK?
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I HOPE YOU ENJOYED THE TALK?
QUESTION

20. QUESTION THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
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