1. Manure Management Implementation by US Farmers
Mr. Ben Puck
Puck Custom Enterprises Inc.
Iowa

2. AFO/CAFO Regulatory Timeline
1970 – December 2 – U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) established.
The agency consolidated federal research, monitoring and enforcement activities in a single agency.

3. US Farmer’s Timeline
: Manure is:
Hauled Daily
Stockpiled
No liquid management (runs off)

4. AFO/CAFO Regulatory Timeline (continued)
1970 – December 31 – Clean Air Act authorized
1972- Clean Water Act, Section 502 – identified “feedlots” as point sources
1976 – EPA created definitions for AFO and CAFO for National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System process

5. Beginning of Liquid Storage:
US Farmer’s Timeline
-1990:
Beginning of Liquid Storage:
Collection Basin
Under Barn Storage

6. US Farmer’s Timeline 1990: How are the nutrients utilized?
Large amounts broadcasted
Small amount incorporated
Minimal responsibility for stewardship
Nutrient value mostly ignored

7. US Farmer’s Timeline 1990: Production Agriculture Grows
1994: Larger Facilities – head finishing barns

8. US Farmer’s Timeline 1990: Land Application: Majority is Broadcast:
Odor and Runoff are Issues

9. AFO/CAFO Regulatory Timeline (continued)
1998 – February – Clean Water Action Plan (CWAP)
Blueprint for restoring and protecting water quality across the nation
Directed development of a USDA/EPA unified national strategy for AFOs

10. AFO/CAFO Regulatory Timeline
March 1999 – Unified National Strategy for Animal Feeding Operations – joint report by USDA and EPA released
Established National Performance Expectation
All AFO Owners/Operators To Develop and Implement A CNMP
Defined six elements of a CNMP
Feed Management - Land Management
Manure Handling and Storage Record Keeping
Land Application of Manure Other Utilization Options

11. Regulation Implemented
Iowa DNR ( Department of Natural Resources )
Iowa Legislature ( State Government )
Iowa Commercial Nutrient Applicators Association (ICNAA)

12. Regulatory Training Required
Iowa legislature requires 3 hours of annual training
DNR License required to apply manure
Enforcement Policies adopted
CNMP introduced
Guideline Application Rates suggested
Record Keeping Required

13. Manure is now a Nutrient
US Farmer’s Timeline
Manure is now a Nutrient
Odor issues are discussed
Separation distances are enforced
Incorporation is being practiced
Incorporation allows separation distances to be reduced
Commercial Fertilizer costs increasing
Manure Viewed as best source of Fertilizer

14. AFO/CAFO Regulatory Timeline (continued)
2003 – EPA regulation for CAFO permitting revised
All CAFOs must apply for NPDES permit
Included all poultry operations
All CAFOs must develop and implement a nutrient management plan (NMP)
Regulations were challenged in court by producers

15. US Farmer’s Timeline 2003-2015: Integrators continue to expand
Concentrations of sites and animal numbers continue to grow

16. US Farmer’s Timeline 2003-2015: Manure as a Nutrient
Measured & Quantified to follow NMP
Majority is Incorporated into the soil
Bought & Sold as fertilizer
Large reductions in Odor & Runoff Issues

17. CNMP Plans are successful If everyone's needs are meet
Water quality is maintained
Odor is controlled
Nutrients are utilized
Infrastructure is preserved

18. Thank you
Questions?