1. Irony

2. What Is Irony?
Dissembling or hiding what is actually the case; not intended to deceive, but to achieve special rhetorical or artistic effects.

3. Verbal Irony
Actual intent is conveyed by words that mean exactly the opposite (i.e. using “I could care less” to mean “I couldn’t care less”)

4. Dramatic Irony
Words or acts of a character carry a meaning unperceived by the character but understood by the audience
Characters interests are involved in a way he or she cannot understand
Irony resides in the contrast between the meaning intended by the speaker and the different significance seen by others
Also applies to situations when the character(s) are blind to something known by the reader
Does not just apply to plays
Responsible for much of the interest in fiction or drama because the reader enjoys being “in” on the secret

5. Situational Irony
An outcome that turns out to be very different from what is expected
The difference between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen
Results from recognizing the oddness or unfairness of a given situation