1. “Outside-to-Inside” (and Now Back to “Outside”) Pathogenic Mechanisms in Atopic Dermatitis 
Peter M. Elias, Martin Steinhoff 
Journal of Investigative Dermatology 
Volume 128, Issue 5, Pages (May 2008)
DOI: /jid
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2. Figure 1
Secondary infections can further aggravate barrier abnormality in atopic dermatitis. AD, atopic dermatitis; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; Cer, ceramide; FLG, filaggrin; LEKTI, lymphoepithelial Kazal-type related trypsin inhibitor; PS, psychological stress; RH, relative humidity; Th1, T-helper 1; Th2, T-helper 2
(Modified from Elias et al., in press.)
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /jid )
Copyright © 2008 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
“Outside–inside–outside” model of AD. Cer, ceramide; FLG, filaggrin; hBD2, human β-defensin-2; Th2, T-helper 2. (From Figure 2. Cer, ceramide; FLG, filaggrin; hBD2, human β-defensin-2; Th2, T-helper 2.
(From Steinhoff et al., 2005; modified from Elias et al., in press.)
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /jid )
Copyright © 2008 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions