1. Neolithic Agricultural Revolutions

2. Neolithic Agricultural Revolutions
Animal Domestications
Asia
Water Buffalo
Buffalo
Pigs
America’s
Llamas
Middle East
Sheep
Goats
Africa
Wild Cattle

3. Neolithic Agricultural Revolutions
Animal Domestications
Tendencies:
Agriculturalist’s tended to domesticate animals that flocked toward “farms”; these animals replaced the need to hunt – domesticated animals provided milk, meat, energy, and hides.

4. Neolithic Agricultural Revolutions
Animal Domestications
Tendencies:
If there were no practical animals to domesticate (America’s), hunting and foraging remained a vital part of survival.

5. Neolithic Agricultural Revolutions
Animal Domestications
Tendencies:
If there was a shortage of food for livestock (Desert geographies) people tended to practice pastoralism, and migrated to feed their animals.

6. Neolithic Agricultural Revolutions
Social Changes
People live in small towns and villages
Less movement and migration
Formation of common cultural beliefs
Less “free time”
Craft specializations
More interdependency
Spread of disease

7. Neolithic Agricultural Revolutions
Demographic Changes
Population increases dramatically – food surpluses stabilize communities
7500% increase during the core of the Neolithic time period!
Date
Population
10,000 BCE
1,000,000
5,000 BCE
10,000,000
2,000 BCE
27,000,000
1,000 BCE
75,000,000
0 CE
200,000,000

8. Neolithic Agricultural Revolutions
Impacts on Gender Relationships
POSITIVES FOR WOMEN
Knowledge on what grows best required (foundations in gathering)
Communities organized around kinship and marriage (matrilineal)
Symbols of fertility – rise of female deities

9. Neolithic Agricultural Revolutions
Impacts on Gender Relationships
NEGATIVES FOR WOMEN
Farming becomes role of males – physically demanding
Become charged with domestic activities
Have children more frequently; don’t have to carry children on migrations anymore…
Less opportunities to gain skills outside of the domestic sphere

10. Neolithic Agricultural Revolutions
Ancient Cities – Catal Huyuk (Anatolia)

11. Neolithic Agricultural Revolutions
Ancient Cities – Jericho (Syria)