1. Gravitational Lensing Effect
Il-Tong Cheon
Il-Tong Cheon Department of Physics, Yonsei University Centennial Celebration of General Relativity, Ehwa Woman Univ. (Dec. 21, 2015)
Department of Physics, Yonsei University
Centennial Celebration of General Relativity, Ewha Womans Univ. (Dec. 21, 2015)

2. [1] Gravitational Lensing Effect
Unperceived aspect in the conventional derivation
Metric tensor based on the redshift
Twist motion of light
Deflected path of light derived by Snell’s law
Absolute speed of light and accelerating expansion of the universe
[2] Lorentz transformation and fundamental length
[2] Lorentz transformation and fundamental length

3. Photon  corpuscle with
Johann Georg von Soldner( ).
Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch, 1801, pp
  Photon  corpuscle with
an effective mass
=0.88”
Berliner Astronomisches Jahrbuch, 1801, pp
** Geometrical Method
Y.Bach Park & Il-T. Cheon
J. Mod. Phys. 2011(3), (2012)

4. Albert Einstein ( )
=1.7”
m=GM/(c*c)
m=GM/(c*c)

7. Q0957+Q0561

8. Quasar Q2237+0305 (MG1131+0456) Einstein Cross
(.1999년10월4일 3.5미터 WIYN Telescope로 J. Rhoads들이 촬영)
1987년에 미국 MIT 그룹
(대표: Jaqueline Hewitt)이 찍은 사진)
Einstein Cross
(Credit: G. Lewis(IOA) and M. Irwin(RGO), taken with William Hershel Telescope)

10. Christoffel’s symbol of the first kind
Geodesic line element
Field equation
Christoffel’s symbol of the first kind
Field equation Geodesic line element Christoffel’s symbol of the first kind
=GM/rc^2

11. By the Schwarzschild metric tensor,
=GM/rc^2
On the basis of the redshift, the metric tensor is derived.
By the Schwarzschild metric tensor,

12. When azimuthal motion is taken into account,.
When azimuthal motion is taken into account,
the path of light is twisted.
=₀/2= 0.22”
Gravitational defraction of light can be derived by the Snell’s law.
Snell’s law
: Index of refraction
Gravitational lensing of light can be derived by the Snell’s law. : Newtonian Relativistic
Newtonian
Relativistic

13. Distance modulus
Distance modulus

14. WMAP(Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe)

16. Applications etc. X- and gamma-ray astronomy
Objects below resolution limit of optical devices
Dark Matter search
Search of Black hole
Overall geometry of the universe
Cosmological constants
etc.
Cosmological constants etc.

17. Lorentz Transformation and Fundamental Length
[2]
Lorentz Transformation and Fundamental Length
Planck length :
Vacuum fluctuation : <x>
Cavity QED : size of cavity a 
[2]

18. (1)Il-T. Cheon, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 11,(2),125-133 (1974).
for
References :
(1)Il-T. Cheon, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 11,(2), (1974).
(2)Il-T. Cheon, Lett. al Nuovo Cim. 26,(18), (1979).
(3)Il-T. Cheon, Lett. Al Nuovo Cim. 34,(2), (1082).
References :
Il-T. Cheon, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 11,(2), (1974).
(2)Il-T. Cheon, Lett. al Nuovo Cim. 26,(18), (1979).
(3)Il-T. Cheon, Lett. Al Nuovo Cim. 34,(2), (1082).