1. The Soviet Union

2. What is Communism? #11: What is communism?
A government where the economy & citizens’ rights are controlled by the government.
#12: What are characteristics of a communist government?
Limited travel
Command economy
Little/no freedom of speech
Little/no freedom of religion
Citizens own little/no private property
Propaganda
Government controls communication, education, factories, and banks

3. After World War II…….

4. Soviet Union: Known as USSR—made up of 15 present-day countries
Cold War: a period of tension/threats between communist & non-communist countries ( )
#13: Why was it known as the Cold War?
Both sides feared fighting in the “heat of battle”: war of words, not weapons
Soviet Union: Known as USSR—made up of 15 present-day countries
#14: The most important country in the Soviet Union?
Russia
#15: The Soviet Union’s main rival was?
The United States

5. 1949: 28 democratic countries formed NATO alliance (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Goal: Prevent spread of communism & another world war
#16: To oppose NATO, the Soviet Union made an alliance with other communist countries called…
The Warsaw Pact
NATO & Warsaw Pact

6. Cross off 17-19 on your notes packet. You don’t need to answer those.

7. Map of Soviet Union

8. Map of Soviet Bloc: Soviet Union & Puppet Governments

9. Command vs. Market Economy
#20: Command Economy-
Government has control over money & business
#21: Market Economy-
Individual citizens have main control over money & business
#22: 3 differences-
Command= can’t choose job
Market= can choose your job
Command= can’t start a business
Market= can start a business
Command= government decides wages
Market= wages depend on the job you have
Command= government sets prices
Market= can set your own prices
Command vs. Market Economy

10. #23: In a communist country, how is wealth divided among citizens?
Equally
#24: Why were people afraid of communism?
Worried it would spread & they’d lose their freedom

11. The end of the Soviet Union
1980s: people in Eastern Europe began to rebel against communism.
Soviet Union weakened, broke apart in 1991.
Many new, smaller nations were created

12. #25: Why is Eastern Europe less advanced than Western Europe?
Years of communism prevented their growth.
#26: How is Eastern Europe less advanced than Western Europe? (Write 2)
More poverty
Lower literacy rates
Higher infant mortality rates
Higher unemployment rates
Less advanced businesses/industries

13. #27: What was the purpose of the Berlin Wall?
To prevent East Germans from escaping to West Berlin
#28: What did the collapse of the Berlin Wall symbolize?
End of communism in eastern Europe
End of Soviet Union
Freedom for eastern Europe
End of the Cold War

14. #29: Examples of how the map of Europe changed (MANY POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Austria-Hungary split into 2 countries by 1922.
Russia was renamed the Soviet Union by 1922.
Germany lost land by 1922.
Germany was split into 2 countries in 1945.
The Soviet Union gained a lot of land in 1945.
Yugoslavia was added as a country by 1922.
Poland was added as a country by 1922.
Czechoslovakia split into 2 countries after the Cold War ended.
Yugoslavia split into 8 countries after the Cold War ended.
The Soviet Union split into 15 countries after the Cold War ended.
Germany reunited as 1 country when the Cold War ended.
Ukraine was added as a new country after the Cold War ended.

15. Why did the map of Europe change so much during the 20th century?
#30:
Treaties after the World Wars and the end of the Cold War caused new nations to be created, losing countries to lose land, and winning countries to sometimes gain land.
Why did the map of Europe change so much during the 20th century?