1. Bellringer 8/15/16
What lies on the Earth’s crust? What are the two types?

2. Inside the Earth

3. Composition Differences
Chemical Composition
Crust
Mantle
Core (Inner & Outer)
Physical Composition
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere (middle Earth)
The two systems naming Earth’s layers refer to the different properties they have. Chemical properties relate to its differences in chemical composition. Physical Composition relates to the anmount of pressure and differences in temperature and how the layers respond to this

4. The Earth vs. an Apple Crust = less than 1% of Earth’s mass
Mantle = 67% of Earth’s mass
Outer Core = 20%
Inner Core 9%

5. The Crust The outermost layer of the Earth, just above the mantle.
Crust makes up less than 1% of Earth’s mass miles deep
Mass = the amount of matter and energy in an object

6. Two Types of Crust Continental Less density
Thinnest layer of the Earth
Deepest 328,000 feet deep or 62 miles
Land mass not covered by water
Oceanic
Thinner and more dense
Covered by ocean and seas
Twice as much iron calcium and magnesium
16,400 feet deep =3 miles
Density -

7. The Mantle
The Layer of rock between the Earth’s crust & the outer core
No one has ever visited or drilled through the Mantle
More dense than crust (more metals)
Magma that comes from the ocean floor and is the only experience we have with the mantle properties
Depth 1800 miles

8. Outer Core A portion of the inner part of the Earth
1400 miles in depth
Has virtually no oxygen
Mainly hot molten rock.
Outer Core is the liquid layer of the Eartyh’s core that lies beneath the mantle and surrounds the inner core

9. Inner Core The central part of the Earth below the mantle
Source of Earth’s Magnetic polarity
Solid dense, and Iron Rich, completely solid core
The solid dense center of our planet, approximately 4000 miles from the Earth’s surface.
Show students my globe, define magnetic polarity.

10. Physical Structure of the Earth

11. Plate tectonics- Unifying Theory

12. Lithosphere
The solid outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
9-190 miles in depth
Litho means rock, this is the strong, rocky layer of the Earth

13. Asthenosphere
The soft “weak” layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move
250 km =820,000 feet in depth or 155 miles
Plastic layer = (flexible or easily molded)
Made up of solid rock that flows very slowly

14. Mesosphere Meso means middle
Strong lower part of the mantle between the Astenosphere and the outer core
Extends all the way into Earth’s core nearly 4000 miles to the center, or 20 million feet
How far can we drill?
So far, the deepest anyone has drilled into the earth is 10 kilometers. The hard crust of continents probably goes down at least another 200 kilometers. Below that lies a gooey layer called the mantle, which surrounds a liquid outer core and a solid inner core. Both inner layers are made mostly of iron.

15. Tectonic Plates: Plate Tectonics
Pieces of the lithosphere that consist of the crust and rigid upper portion of the mantle
Tectonic – Greek for “Builder”
These processes are called tectonics because they are Earth builders and movers.

16. Major Tectonic Plates Pacific Plate (largest) Cocos Nazca
North American
Cocos
Nazca
South American
African
Eurasian
Indian
Australian
Antartic Plate
Major Tectonic Plates

17. Continental Drift
A hypothesis (prediction) that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up and drifted to their present locations
Have you ever looked at a map of the world and noticed how well the continents could actually fit together; Continental drift also explained why fossils of the same plant and animal species were found on similar places on other continents. Explains how well continents fit together.

18. Sea-Floor Spreading
The process by which new oceanic crust forms as magma (molten lava) rises towards the surface and hardens. Crust is pushed back down, and crust spreads and moves the continents

19. Concepts Tectonic Plate Continental Drift
Lithosphere Sea-Floor Spreading
Asthenosphere Mid Ocean Ridge
Mesosphere
Inner Core
Outer Core
Crust
Mantle
Concepts

20. Summary The interior of the Earth is hot!
Thanks to Alfred Wegener’s theory we now believe and have evidence that our continents are constantly moving
Heat flow and movement of material within the Earth cause earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and create mountains and ocean floor
The Earth has three main chemical layers and four mane physical layers