1. Cells: Eukaryotes
Biology Standard 1 a,c,e,g

2. Eukaryotes Have a true nucleus
Have organelles (little organs) that are bound by a membrane
Includes plants, animals, fungi

3. Compare to Prokaryotes
Eukaryotic Cell Under Microscope
Have Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, DNA, and Cytosol
But DNA is housed in a nucleus

4. Structure of Nucleus
Surrounded by a nuclear envelope which has little holes called nuclear pores
Nucleolus: clump of nucleic acids and proteins in nucleus

5. Cell Membrane A barrier that separates cell from outer world.
Composed of 2 layers of lipids (fats) called lipid bilayer.
Head is hydrophilic- H2O loving; draws H2O into cell.
Tail is hydrophobic-H2O hating; stays inside layer.

6. Lysosomes: Clean Up!
Lysosomes: small organelles that contain enzymes that break down macromolecules
Only in animal cells

7. Mitochondria: Powerhouse!
In animals and plants
It has 2 membranes: one outer and one inner with many folds on it.
Mitochondria make ATP (energy) for cell.
Heart cells have MANY!

8. Chloroplasts Found only in plant and algae cells.
Take sunlight and turn it into energy for plants.
Photosynthesis.

9. Vacuoles Storage sacs that contain water, salts, proteins and carbs.
In plants, 1 large sac that supports
In animal cells, usually smaller.

10. Cell Wall Protective barrier around cell membrane.
Not in Animal cells!!
In plants, made up of a carb called cellulose.

11. Proteins are modified, stored and shipped here.
Golgi Apparatus
Proteins are modified, stored and shipped here.

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER: makes fats, metabolizes carbs, and detoxifies drugs
Rough ER: has ribosomes on it to help make proteins