1. COLONIAL REGIONS
Geographic differences led to the emergence of three distinct regions and 13 Original Colonies.

2. Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire
NEW ENGLAND REGION:
Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire
Rocky soil and less fertile
Winters long & cold: not suited for large-scale farming
Formed by Dissenters (Who Got the “Boot!”)-people who left for religious freedom or got kicked out of Massachusetts for religious beliefs.
Small farms that grew crops for self (subsistence farmers)
Many forests & coastal waters; Timber, shipbuilding, fishing, whaling, & ironworks were main industries
Great Migration:
Between : over 20,000 Englishmen came to New England!
Carried sugar from West Indies to New England and turned it into rum
Town Hall meetings:
Encouraged growth
of democratic ideas

4. NEW ENGLAND COLONIES
Roger Williams – left Massachusetts in 1636, to start new colony in Rhode Island.
Believed in the separation of church and state; Believed in Religious tolerance
Anne Hutchinson- Banished from Massachusetts because of her outspoken religious beliefs.
Thomas Hooker founder of Connecticut- Established self government in the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
Orders provided a basis for future governing in the colony
New Hampshire was settled by English fisherman in 1623

5. NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE AND PENNSYLVANIA
“Bread Basket”
Colonies
MIDDLE REGION
NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE AND PENNSYLVANIA
Winters not as harsh as New England
Longer Summers
Uncleared forests and fertile soil
Lumber and ship building
Small farms
Grew wheat, oats, barley, and rye
Exported large amounts of grain
Religious Freedom and Diversity
Anglicans, Dutch reformed Protestants,
Catholics and Jews.

6. Middle Colonies “Bread Basket” Why were they called the Colonies?
Because land and climate suitable for growing a surplus of wheat, corn, rye, and barley.
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
New York
Delaware
Duke of York grants Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley land between Hudson & Delaware Rivers
Founded by Dutch; (“New Netherlands”)
Once part of Pennsylvania - originally awarded to William Penn
formed own assembly; Became independent in 1701
Founded by William Penn [Quaker]
Duke of York won colony from Dutch
‘New Amsterdam’ becomes New York !
Quakers : Radical religious tolerance … “All Equal in God’s Eyes”
Carteret, was governor of the Isle of Jersey – named for him
great diversity in Hudson River Valley

8. SOUTHERN COLONY REGION
Cash Crop
Warmer climate
Land was flat and well suited for Cash Crops
*Cash Crops: cotton, tobacco, rice and indigo
Developed large farms known as Plantations along main water routes
A large scale agricultural operation which 20 or more slaves worked crops
Sold cash crops to England
Slave labor
Slaves were taken by force from Africa
*“Middle Passage”- was the horrific journey slaves took
across the Atlantic
Region developed for economic reasons
Cash crops were shipped to England for manufactured goods
Tobacco
Rice
Sugar
Cotton
Indigo

9. Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina, Georgia
SOUTHERN COLONIES
Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina, Georgia

10. Use the Hand! The South's economy required lots of hands for labor; plus, there were 5 colonies in the South!
At the tip of each finger, write one of the following in order:
Maryland (index finger),
North Carolina (middle finger),
South Carolina (ring finger),
Georgia (pinkie finger), and
Virginia (the thumb - as it was the most important)
Southern Colonies

11. Take Notes in Your Fingers!
Virginia: Oldest English colony; Jamestown (1607)& Chesapeake colonies expand into Virginia, named in honor of Queen Elizabeth.
Maryland: King Charles I grants land to Lord Baltimore (George Calvert); named to honor the King’s wife, Queen Mary; established a safe-haven for Catholics.
North & South Carolina:In 1663 King Charles II created the colony of Carolina (named for King Charles II) by granting the territory, of what is now roughly North and South Carolina to loyal supporters (8 Lord Proprietors)
Hoped to attract settlers from Virginia
Established for economic reasons
Charleston, S.C. became a major port for shipping rice and indigo, and for receiving slaves.
1712 Carolinas were divided
Georgia: “debtors refuge" founded by James Oglethorpe as a refuge for debtors
Place for imprisoned debtors and convicts from England
Established for social reasons

13. Harvard College was established by Puritans to train ministers
                                                                                                                                                                                                           
Harvard College was established by
Puritans to train ministers

14. A Final Thought... Common Ground
Regardless of where they lived, the early colonists seemed to have one thing in common—a tough, rugged individualism characterized by an independent nature and a desire for self-government. Thus, even though there were regional differences, the colonists would eventually rise to resist a common foe—the control of the English Crown.

15.                                                                                                                                                                                                       
The 13 Colonies