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The transition to adulthood
Adolescence The transition to adulthood
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Universal life passages
The firsts: First day of school First tooth loss Bar mitzvah, First Communion Firsts for adolescence:
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The pace of development – “clocks”
Chronological clock: Age 18 is age of majority – vote, legal responsibilty 2. Biological clock: Individual differences Better nutrition has speeded up this clock 3. Psychological clock emotional maturity Late or early developers Social Clock Leave home; go to post secondary
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Developmental theorists
Erikson Identity vs. role confusion
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Jane Loevinger: theory of ego development
Ego development = understanding of self Early conformist stage: the world is black and white (Pleasantville) Follow the crowd ii. Self-aware stage Different experiences lead to separate opinions, a sense of one’s uniqueness Conscientious stage: Develop ability to reciprocate, feel empathy, appreciate others’ differences
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Family life cycle Individuation occurs: separation from family of origin Take what you need and leave the rest Connect with peers (outside family) on a social and emotional level. Commit to school, career
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Daniel levenson’s seasons of life
Early adult transition (17-early 40s) Focus: leave behind adolescence and live in an adult life structure Education and work Enter adult world: (22-28) Form a dream Choose an occupation Find love relationship
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Leonard pearlin’s theory of psychological distress
Cohort effect: Changes occur because of the common social clock of peers E.g. Pressure to go to university is one type of social clock. Other social clocks?
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All theorists agree on one thing – ‘life’ changes us
change in symbolic interaction life Inner psychological change Life -success or failure
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