1. The Atom Survey The Atom Notes Periodic Table Identification
Agenda
Targets
Survey
The Atom Notes
Periodic Table Identification
Identify the process in which the atom evolved through science.
Locate parts of the periodic tables.
Metals, non-metals,

2. What is the atom? Atom Democritus, 460 B.C., a philosopher
Smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction
Democritus, 460 B.C., a philosopher
First to suggest atoms exist
Main thought
Atoms were indivisible and indestructible
Lacked scientific support
Democritus helped pave the way to what we know about the atom now

3. John Dalton English chemist and schoolteacher
Took Democritus’ ideas and used experimentation to help back them up
Came up with Dalton’s Atomic Theory
All elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms
Atoms of the same element are identical. Atoms of different elements are different.
Atoms of different elements can physically mix together or can chemically combine in whole numbers to form compounds.
Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined, or rearranged.

4. How big is an atom? Very, very small Lets take a copper penny So what?
Has 24,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (sextillion) atoms in it!
Earth’s population
7,000,000,000 people
So what?
Take 100,000,000 copper atoms side by side
How big would that be?
1 cm long!
How do we know they exist?
Scanning tunneling microscopes

5. Copper

6. Iron

7. Carbon Monoxide Man

8. Subatomic Particles Atoms can be broken down
Called subatomic particles
Electron
Protons
Neutrons

9. Electrons Discovered by J.J. Thomson in 1897
Negatively-charged particles
His experiment
Invented the cathode ray tube
Noticed that positively-charged magnets attracted the cathode ray
Negatively-charged magnets deflected it
Called the particles that made up the cathode ray corpuscles
Later called electrons
Have 1 negative charge per electron
Mass
1/1840 the mass of a proton

11. Protons and Neutrons Protons Neutrons
Discovered in 1886 by Eugen Goldstein
Noticed that some particles went the other way in the cathode ray tube
Called them protons
Mass
1840 times the mass of an electron
Neutrons
Discovered in 1932 by James Chadwick
Have no charge
Neutral

12. The Atomic Nucleus We know that all these particles exist
How are they joined together?
Ernest Rutherford (1911) answered that
Gold Foil Experiment
Shot Helium atoms that lost both electrons at a piece of gold foil
Expected all the particles to pass through the gold foil
What happened?
Most passed through
Some were deflected at large angles
Some came straight back
What Rutherford concluded from this
Atoms are mostly empty space
Most of the mass is concentrated in the middle (positively charged)
He called it the nucleus
Atomic Model we accept today
Nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons
Electrons occupy a space around the nucleus

14. Locating parts of the periodic table
Color in and Make a Key Color suggestions
Alkali Metals Yellow
Alkaline Earth Metals Pink
Transition Metals Blue
Halogens Purple
Noble Gases Light Blue
Metalloids Green
Rare Earth metals (Lanthanoids & Actinoids) Gray
Metals Outline in blue
Non-Metals Outline in Red
295* Kelvin (room Temp)
Over line in Blue Liquids
Over line in Red Gases
Circle the diatomic elements- you’ll have to google this.
Label direction of groups and periods
Draw in stairstep line – dark