1. Colonic Macrophages “Remote Control” Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance 
Subhra K. Biswas, Raffaella Bonecchi 
Cell Metabolism 
Volume 24, Issue 2, Pages (August 2016)
DOI: /j.cmet
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Pro-inflammatory Colonic Macrophages Mediate HFD-Induced Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance
HFD induces the early recruitment of pro-inflammatory macrophages in the colon via an intestinal CCL2/CCR2 axis. The activation of these macrophages (possibly triggered by gut microbe-derived factors, LPS, etc.) may be mediated via TLRs or inflammasomes that induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, IL1β, and IL-18. Increased concentration of some these cytokines together with LPS (translocated from the gut due to increased intestinal permeability) passes into the blood circulation to reach peripheral insulin-sensitive organs (e.g., adipose tissue and liver), where they induce chronic inflammation, leading to insulin resistance.
Cell Metabolism  , DOI: ( /j.cmet )
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions