1. AGENDA Turn in your visual from last class
Questions about the traveler project?
Cel.ly
WolframAlpha – maybe
GLANKLER AND I GOT TWITTER. AND INSTAGRAM
Homework:
Traveler project!
Ch 7 guided reading packet – due Monday/Tuesday

2. EMPIRES IN EAST ASIA

3. china

4. THE SUI DYNASTY (589-618) Han dynasty falls 220 CE
Sui = “sway”
Han dynasty falls 220 CE
“Three Kingdoms” – no one dynasty in charge
Sui Dynasty takes over 589CE
With the fall of the Han, non-Chinese nomadic warlords took over China and competed for power – side note, we call them warlords, but really they’re just lords. Like feudalism. Everything declined – the bureaucracy fell apart trade and city life declined, Buddhism was gaining popularity (vs Confucianism). Just like the fall of Rome, which threw Western Europe into its dark ages – except China was able to recover a lot more quickly.

5. THE SUI DYNASTY (589-618) Massive building projects Military labor
To fight off northern nomadic peoples
Conscripted labor
To build giant projects
Ethel gives four sentences to the Sui Dynasty. It’s only around for 29 years, but so much was accomplished!

6. THE SUI DYNASTY (589-618) The Grand Canal
Intended to promote trade between north and south China
Linked Yangtze and Huang He Rivers
(Most Chinese rivers flow east/west)
Connected northern and southern China in a way it never had been before
Political and cultural unity, integrated economies
Linked network of earlier canals
1100 miles
Roads on either bank
Succeeded only by railroad traffic in the 20th century! (And still used today)
Ethel gives four sentences to the Sui Dynasty. It’s only around for 29 years, but so much was accomplished!

7. THE FALL OF THE SUI
Everyone’s mad over forced labor + Military failures 
Emperor assassinated in 618
Short-lived… sounds like?
By his son… yikes
Who was also then assassinated because he was kind of crazy

8. THE TANG DYNASTY (618-907) Tang Taizong (627-649) Strong ruler
Descendant of a Turkish tribe in northern China
Strong ruler
Built capital at Chang’an
Placated nomadic peoples to the north to bring peace
Murdered two brothers, thrust dad aside to take throne

9. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS Transportation and communication Equal-field system
Extensive postal service
Like?
Equal-field system
20% of land hereditary ownership
80% of land redistributed according to formula
Family size, land fertility
Worked well until 8th century
Happy peasants!

10. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS Bureaucracy of merit
Reintroduced civil service examinations
Some bribery and nepotism…

11. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS Military expansion China still “Middle Kingdom”
Manchuria, Korea, Vietnam, Tibet
Tributary relationships
But, good for all, and encourages trade
Hegemonic control
One of the largest expansions in Chinese history
China still “Middle Kingdom”
Kowtow ritual
Some bribery and nepotism…

12. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS Cultural achievements
Buddhas, literature, polo, poetry
Buddhists originally given high favor, but…
Over time, Buddhism persecuted
Temples destroyed, monasteries burned
Empress Wu
Empress Wu WUled the Tang for a couple of years – was a Buddhist, Tang flourished under her rule. Later Confucianist writers blame her for a lot stuff. Later Confucianist writers blame her for a lot stuff. Remember, Buddhism flourished before the Sui, and that continued throughout the Sui and Tang. Over time, Confucianists wanted more power and more favor so they broke down the Buddhist advances

14. DECLINE OF THE TANG
Politics
Governmental neglect
Emperor obsessed with music, concubines
Military
Rebellion in 775
Nomadic mercenaries hired to help crush rebellion; end up sacking cities
Military commanders gain more power over time, compete for control
Last emperor abdicates in 907

15. WHAT’S GONNA HAPPEN?
Lords competed for power – three major states arose
*you can always assume, throughout Chinese history, that when there isn’t one emperor in charge, there are lords competing for power*

16. SONG DYNASTY (960-1279 CE) First emperor, Song Taizu (960-976)
Emphasis on administration, industry, education, and the arts
Why?
Military not emphasized
why?
Former military leader
Made emperor by troops

17. ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE SONG DYNASTY
When there’s political stability for long periods of time, societies flourish! Art, architecture, and GOLDEN AGES!

18. TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY
Porcelain (“Chinaware”)
Iron, coal, steel – advanced and unrivaled
Agricultural tools, weaponry, suspension bridges
Gunpowder
Invented in Tang, improved in Song
Bamboo “fire lances”
Earlier printing techniques refined
Moveable type
Woodblock printing
Naval technology
Junk ships
Magnetic compass

20. AGRICULTURAL ACHIEVEMENTS
Champa rice (from Vietnam)
Fast-ripening
2 crops per year
Agricultural advancements
Iron plows, soil fertilization, improved irrigation
Water wheels, canals
Terrace farming
All of this leads to…

21. POPULATION GROWTH! Effective food distribution system Urbanization
Transportation networks
Urbanization

22. MARKET ECONOMY
“flying cash” – letters of credit to deal with coin shortages
Checks, too!
Led to development of paper money
All of which lead to increasingly cosmopolitan nature of Chinese cities
Silk Road facilitates trade, creates greater demand for imported luxury goods

23. CULTURAL CHANGE Continued persecution of Buddhists
Attacked Buddhist views on equality
Created laws that favored men and excluded women from many things
Confucianism restored; ‘neo-Confucianism’
Influenced by Buddhist thought
Reestablishment of patriarchy

24. CULTURAL CHANGE Footbinding gains popularity
Increased control by male family members
Forces women into submissive roles
WARNING: GRAPHIC IMAGES

25. DECLINE OF THE SONG Politics and economics Military
Size of bureaucracy - had to pay them somehow
Taxes lead to …. peasant rebellions!
Military
Lacked military training
Bad leaders
Fell to nomadic attacks

26. TRIBUTARY STATES TO CHINA
SUBJECT; SUBORDINATE; REQUIRED TO PAY TRIBUTE

27. TRIBUTARY STATE: KOREA
Silla Dynasty (688 – late 800s) in Korea
Recognize Tang as emperor
Vassal state, but highly independent
Chinese influence on Korean culture pervasive
Difference: Buddhist, not Confucian
Some scholars believe that wood block printing was actually invented in Korea !

28. TRIBUTARY STATE: VIETNAM
Vietnamese adaptation to Chinese culture, technology
Ongoing resentment of political domination
Lots of revolts
Assert independence when Tang dynasty falls

29. CHINA AND JAPAN Chinese culture influential
Imitation of the Tang dynasty
Adoption of Confucian and Buddhist teachings, but still Shinto
However, Japan developed in relative isolation

30. JAPAN

31. EARLY POLITICAL STRUCTURE
Clan-based political ties
Due to geography!
Mimic Tang during the 700s and set up an imperial court

32. HEIAN JAPAN ( CE)
Japanese emperor moved capital to Heian (Kyoto)
Emperor as figurehead; real power in hands of Fujiwara clan
Common continuity in Japanese history: weak emperor, power behind the throne
Like …?

33. LITERATURE AND ARTS Influence of kanji characters
Classic curriculum dominated by Chinese
Development of syllabic alphabet
Tale of Genji
Written by a woman!!
A story of love and intrigue in the imperial court
Becomes classic of early Japanese literature
Shows us that women were very involved in court life
Poetry flourished

34. HEIAN PERIOD
Slow move away from Chinese models in religion, government, and arts
Japan develops its own identity
Court life becomes highly sophisticated
DID NOT borrow the Chinese civil service system
Shintoism

35. INSTITUTION OF THE SHOGUN
Civil war between Taira and Minamoto clans in 12th century
Minamoto leader named shogun in 1185 CE
Shogun = military commander; de facto leader of the country
Bakufu = military government
This leads to a period of decentralization – power moves away from the emperor and into the hands of warlords known as daimyos
Personal armies
Samurai = “one who serves”
Professional warriors
Whoever has the most military might gets all the power!

36. FEUDAL JAPAN
Increasing power of shogun and samurai lead to peasants losing power
Become serfs
Could not move up in class
Look to Buddhism for comfort

37. FEUDAL JAPAN
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service
JAPAN
Shogun
Land - Shoen
Loyalty
Land - Shoen
Daimyo
Daimyo
Loyalty
Samurai
Samurai
Samurai
Food
Protection
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant

38. SAMURAI
Warrior code
Valued honor and courage above all
Seppuku (also referred to as hari kari) = ritual suicide
Considered the only way to maintain honor in defeat

41. COMPARING FEUDALISM: JAPAN AND EUROPE
Both rose due to weak central governments
Both were based on mutual obligations

42. COMPARING FEUDALISM: JAPAN AND EUROPE
CODE OF CHIVALRY
CODE OF BUSHIDO
Justice
Loyalty
Courage
Faith
Humility
Nobility
Fidelity
Politeness
Virility
simplicity

43. COMPARING FEUDALISM: JAPAN AND EUROPE
EUROPEAN KNIGHT
SAMURAI WARRIOR

44. COMPARING FEUDALISM: JAPAN AND EUROPE
KNIGHT’S ARMOR
SAMURAI ARMOR

45. RECAP China was and is the dominant force in Asia
Sui – built Grand Canal
Tang/Song – invented everything
China’s relationship with its tributaries:
Korea:
Political submission and cultural dependence
Vietnam:
Conquest and control for 1000 years
Japan:
Escaped direct rule, but influenced by Chinese – still created own cultural identity during Heian
Feudalism, just like Western Europe in the Postclassical Era