1. Personality Disorders

2. Definition of Personality Disorders
Personality disorders are “enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking that cause either significant functional impairment or subjective distress”

3. Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric
Paranoid PD – is a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others’ motives are interpreted as malevolent
Schizoid PD – is a pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of emotional expression
Schizotypal PD – is a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behaviour

4. Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic
Antisocial PD – is a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others
Borderline PD – is a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity
Narcissistic PD – is a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

5. Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful
Avoidant PD – is a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
Dependent PD – is a pattern of submissive and clinging behaviour related to an excessive need to be taken care of
Obsessive-Compulsive PD – is a pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control at the expense of flexibility

6. Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified
Meets general criteria for a PD but no specific criteria for a specific PD.
Exhibit at least 10 symptoms of PDs across all subtypes

7. The “Big 5” Personality Traits
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
 personality disorders represent extreme variations of OCEAN