1. CP violation and CKM (Theory)
Yasuhiro Okada (KEK)
July 31, 2006
ICHEP 06, Moscow
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

2. CP violation and quark flavor mixing
CP violation was discovered in KL decays in 1964, much before the Standard Model was proposed. This was a big mystery.
Since then, there have been a great deal of progress in the elementary particle physics, which leads us to gauge interactions and three generations of quarks and leptons. Then, Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism, proposed in 1972, has become a prime candidate for the theory of the CP violation.
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

3. In 2001, a large CP violation in the B sector was found at two B factories at KEK and SLAC. New discoveries in B decays have followed, such as a direct CP violation, b -> sll, and b->dg.
LHC will start running next year to explore TeV scale physics. Focus of flavor physics is also shifting to search for New Physics effects.
There are a variety of ways to explore New Physics in K, Bd/Bu, Bs, D physics. Important information has been already obtained.
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

4. Plan of this talk Unitarity triangle and New Physics
B rare decays and B-> tn
Bs mixing and Bs ->mm
Future of flavor physics
New experimental results will be covered by other plenary speakers.
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

5. Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix
The CKM matrix is a sole origin of flavor mixing
and CP violation in the quark flavor transition
processes in the Standard Model.
Four parameters: l A r h
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

6. Vus and CKM unitarity in the first row
Nuclear b decay
B decay
K decay
Significant improvements in
Kaon semi-leptonic decays has been
made at BNL, KTeV,CERN-NA48,
KLOE, and ISTRA+ in recent years.
(talks in session 8)
The CKM unitarity is now satisfied
with ~1 s.
A proposal of Vus from t decay
(J.Prades)
Vud from neutron life-time and
A-asymmetry (A.Serebrov).
M.Antonelli
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

7. Unitarity triangle
Various observable quantities in K and B physics constrain the angles
and lengths of the unitarity triangle.
(a)
(b)
(g)
B(K+ -> p+nn)
B(K0->p0nn) eK
DmBd, DmBs/DmBd,
B(B->r(w) g)/B(B->K* g)
b->u transition
Angle determination
f1/b: CP asymmetries in b->ccs modes.
f2/a: CP asymmetries in B-> pp, rr,rp.
f3/g : CP asymmetries in B->DK, etc.
(2f1+g)/(2b+g): CP asymmetry in B->Dp, etc
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

8. The unitarity triangle: a year ago
Already many observable
quantities are
over-constraining
the unitarity triangle.
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

9. Is this enough?
Fit from tree level processes
Not, to study New Physics effects.
In order to disentangle new physics
effects, we should first determine CKM
parameters by “tree-level” processes.
Pre-ICHEP 06
|Vub|, f3/g
Bd mixing and CP asymmetries
eK and B(K->pnn)
Bs mixing and CP asymmetries +
We know (or constrain) which sector is affected by new physics.
Improvement of f3/g is essential.
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

10. CP asymmetry in penguin-dominated processes
Summer 2005
Time-dependent CP asymmetry
(Dominant decay diagrams)
B->J/yKs
“tree”
B->fKs
“penguin”
New phase (ex SUSY)
Summer 2006 update => M.Hazumi’s talk
“sin 2f1“ is the same in the SM
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

11. Recent theoretical calculations on DS= sin(2f1eff)-sin(2f1)
There are efforts to calculate difference of CP asymmetries between penguin-dominated modes and tree-dominated mode in different methods (QCD factorization, Final-state interaction, Soft Collinear Effective Theory).
Differences are estimated so far within a few % for B to fKs and h’Ks modes in the Standard Model.
QCDF+FSI
Cheng-Chua-Soni
QCDF
Beneke
QCDF
Buchalla-Hiller-Nir-Raz
SCET
Williamson-Zupan
DS(fKs)
DS(h’Ks)
DS(p0Ks)
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

12. Rare B decays
There are many rare decay processes sensitive to new physics effects.
Electroweak penguin processes offer several theoretical clean observables.
Inclusive and exclusive b->sg
Inclusive and exclusive b->dg
Inclusive and exclusive b->sll
1. Direct CP violation in b->sg,dg
(New phase)
2. Mixing-induced CP asymmetry in B->K*g, Ksp0g.
(Right-handed photon operator)
3. Lepton forward-backward asymmetry
in b ->sll.
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

13. Many recent theoretical developments are reported.
Status of NNLLQCD correction to b->sg, b->sll. (T.Hurth)
Inclusive b->uln, b->sg,B->VV in SCET. (T.Feldmann)
B->pp,Kp in SCET.(S.Jaeger)
Correction to mixing-induced CP violation in B->K*g, Ksp0g.
Naively the asymmetry is suppressed by ms/mb (a few %), but there
are corrections at 10 % level in the SM. (B.Grinstein and D.Pirjol)
Forward Backward Asymmetry in B->K*l+l-
QCDF calculation (M.Beneke,T.Feldmann,and D.Seidel)
SCET calculation (A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu) B K* l+ l- q
A.Ali,G.Kramer and G.Zhu
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

14. Tauonic B decay The Belle result of the B ->tn branching ratio.
(Preliminary)
=> R.Barlow’s talk
This is sensitive to the charged Higgs boson exchange diagram
in 2 Higgs doublet model as well as SUSY models.
New contributions are important for the large tanb case b u t n W H- b u t n
Charged Higgs exchange contribution
depends on
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

15. B(b->tn) vs. B(b->ctn) and B(B->Dtn)
Related modes are inclusive and exclusive processes on b->ctn .
Inclusive B(b->ctn) was measured at LEP
B(b->ctn)/B(b->cen)
Constraint on “r” in 2HDM.
Belle ICHEP06
B(B->Dtn)/B(B->Dmn)
LEP
Y.Grossman, H.Haber and Y.Nir 1995
Two-fold ambiguity is not resolved by the
Inclusive mode. Exclusive modes are necessary.
H.Itoh,N.Gaur, Y.O
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

16. Comparison with the charged Higgs boson production at LHC
K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea
Belle B->tn: excluded region
(95.5%CL)
The parameter region covered
by B decays and the charged Higgs
production overlaps.
If both experiments find positive effects, we can perform Universality Test of the charged Higgs couplings.
B->tn: H-b-u coupling
B->Dtn : H-b-c coupling
gb->tH: H-b-t coupling H b t g
SUSY loop vertex correction
can break the universality.
K.A.Assamagan, Y.Coadou, A.Deandrea
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

17. Bs physics This is a year of the Bs mixing.
Bs is quite different from Bd
Large mass difference: (Dms/Dmd~40)
Sizable life-time difference: DGs/Gs ~0(10%)
Almost no CP phase in the Bs mixing amplitude in the SM.
If new physics effects induce a CP phase in
the Bs mixing amplitude:
ASL
Large time-dep CP asymmetry in B->J/yf (Syf)
DG<DG(SM)
Correlation between semi-leptonic asymmetry
(ASL) and Syf.
Y.Grossman,Y.Nir,and G.Raz
Syf
Z.Ligeti,M.Papucci, and G.Perez
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

18. Bs mixing and New Physics: SUSY
Supersymmetry introduces squarks and sleptons.
Squark mass matrixes can carry information on SUSY breaking mechanism and GUT scale interactions.
Quark flavor changing neutral current processes are sensitive to the off-diagonal elements of the squark mass matrix.
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

19. SUSY GUT and Bs mixing SUSY GUT + Seesaw neutrino
B(t->mg) vs. Dms/Dmd in SUSY GUT SM
T.Goto,Y.O.Y.Shimizu,Y.Shindou,and M.Tanaka,2003
B.Dutta and Y.Mimura, hep-ph/
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

20. Bs mixing and New Physics: Little Higgs model
~10 TeV,
new strong dynamics
~ 1TeV
WH, ZH, fij,
uH,dH AH
T+,T-
~200 GeV
A Higgs boson and SM particles
Particle content of the littlest
Higgs model with T parity.
Little Higgs model : a model with a composite
Higgs boson.
New particles (heavy gauge bosons, a heavy top
partner) are introduced to cancel the quadratic
divergence of the Higgs mass at one loop level.
The mass of these particles are around
1 TeV if the model is extended with “T parity”.
The lightest T-odd particle is a dark matter
candidate.
N.Arkani-Hamed,A.G.Cohen, E.Katz,and A.E.Nelson,2002
C.H.Cheng and I.Low,2003
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

21. Flavor signals of T-odd fermions
T-odd SU(2) doublet mirror fermions
J.Hubisz,S.J.Lee, and G.Paz d u W
VCKM
Three flavor mixing matrixes
Two are independent. u qH
WH,ZH,AH
VHu
A new flavor mixing matrix can generate
various patterns of deviation from the SM. d qH
WH,ZH,AH
VHd
M.Blanke,A.J.Buras,A.Poschenrieder,C.Tarantino,S.Uhlig,and A.Weiler
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

22. Bs->mm and SUSY s b m
SUSY loop corrections can enhance B(Bs->mm) by a few orders of magnitude from the SM prediction for large values of tan b.
Loop-induced neutral Higgs exchange effects
The discovery region
of a neutral Higgs boson
through pp->bf0->bmm
at LHC and the discovery
region of Bs->mm at
Tevatron and LHC overlap.
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06
C.Kao and Y.Wang

23. Future of Kaon phyiscs K0L  p0 n n KEK E391=> JPARC K+  p+ n n
A.Ceccuci
K0L  p0 n n 　KEK E391=> JPARC
JPARC-P14
K+  p+ n n
CERN-SPSC-P-326 (a.k.a. NA48/3)
JPARC-P09
Transverse m polarisation in
K+  p0 m+ n (T-Violation )
JPARC-P06
Other Initiatives:
DANAE (Frascati)
OKA (Protvino)
K0->p0nn
M.Doroshenko
New limit
2.1X10-7
(KEK E391)
based on
1/10 of Run I data
65 signal, 9±3Bgds/year
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

24. B physics at LHC Much improvements are expected for Bs physics and
B->K*mm measurements, etc.
ATLAS
T.Sivoklokov
LHCb 2fb-1
T.Ruf
CMS
U.Langenegger
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

25. Super B factory 5X L(now) 50X L(now) Current Belle+BaBar integrated
luminosity: L(now)~1/ab
5/ab
50/ab
In many aspects
asymmetric B factories
are complementary to
B physics in hadron
machine (unique for
neutrino and tau modes)
Super KEK LoI
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

26. Pattern of New Physics effects
SUSY
Large Extra
Dimension
model
Different pattern of the deviations from the SM prediction.
Correlation with other physics observables.
2003 SLAC WS Proceedings
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06

27. Summary B factory experiments continue to produce interesting results.
Measurement of the Bs mixing have added a new dimension to flavor physics.
All these developments are important to explore physics beyond the Standard Model from the aspects of quark flavor physics in the LHC era.
July 31,2006
Yasuhiro Okada, ICHEP 06