1. What parts make up a story?
Literary Elements
What parts make up a story?

2. Story Grammar Setting Characters Plot Conflict Climax Theme Resolution
Symbolism

3. What is setting?
Time and place where the action occurs
Furniture
Scenery
Customs
Transportation
Clothing
Dialects
Weather
Time of day
Time of year
What are details that describe setting?

4. Elements of a Setting

5. What are the functions of a setting?
To create a mood or atmosphere
To show a reader a different way of life
To make action seem more real
To be the source of conflict or struggle
To symbolize an idea

6. We left the home place behind, mile by slow mile, heading for the mountains, across the prairie where the wind blew forever.
At first there were four of us with one horse wagon and its skimpy load. Pa and I walked, because I was a big boy of eleven. My two little sisters romped and trotted until they got tired and had to be boosted up to the wagon bed.
That was no covered Conestoga, like Pa’s folks came West in, but just an old farm wagon, drawn by one weary horse, creaking and rumbling westward to the mountains, toward the little woods town where Pa thought he had an old uncle who owned a little two-bit sawmill.
Taken from “The Day the Sun Came Out” by D. Johnson

7. What types of characters are there?
People or animals
Major characters
Minor characters
Round characters
Flat characters
What types of characters are there?

8. What is characterization?
When a writer reveals what a character is like and how the character changes throughout the story
Direct- writer tells what the character is like
Indirect- writer shows what a character is like by describing what the character looks like, by telling what the character says and does, and by what other characters say about and do in response to the character.
What are the two methods of characterization?

9. Direct Characterization
…And I don’t play the dozens or believe in standing around with somebody in my face doing a lot of talking. I much rather just knock you down and take my chances even if I’m a little girl with skinny arms and a squeaky voice, which is how I got the name Squeaky.
From “Raymond’s Run” by T. Bambara

10. Indirect Characterization
The old man bowed to all of us in the room. Then he removed his hat and gloves, slowly and carefully. Chaplin once did that in a picture, in a bank--he was the janitor.
From “Gentleman of Rio en Medio” by J. Sedillo

11. Elements of Character

12. Encounters conflict and is changed by it More fully developed
Minor character who does not experience dramatic change
Like an “extra” in a movie
What is a round character?
What is a flat character?

13. What are the factors in analyzing characters?
Physical appearance of character
Personality
Background/personal history
Motivation
Relationships
Conflict
Does character change?
What are the factors in analyzing characters?

14. What is Plot?
Plot is what happens and how it happens in a narrative. A narrative is any work that tells a story, such as a short story, a novel, a drama, or a narrative poem.

15. What are the Parts of a Plot?
Inciting incident – event that gives rise to conflict (opening situation)
Development- events that occur as result of central conflict (rising action)
Climax- highest point of interest or suspense of story
Resolution- when conflict ends (falling action)
Denouement- when characters go back to their life before the conflict
What are the Parts of a Plot?

16. Diagram of Plot Climax Development/ Rising Action Falling Action
Introduction
(Exposition)
Resolution
Inciting incident/ Opening situation
Denoument

17. What is conflict? Conflict is a struggle between opposing forces
Every plot must contain some kind of conflict
Stories can have more than one conflict
Conflicts can be external or internal
What is conflict?

18. What is external conflict?
External conflict- outside force may be person, group, animal, nature, or a nonhuman obstacle
Internal conflict- takes place in a character’s mind
What is external conflict?
What is internal conflict?

19. What are the 4 Types of Conflict?
Man vs. Man (external)
Man vs. Nature (external)
Man vs. Self (internal)
Man vs. Society (external)

20. A central message, concern, or insight into life expressed through a literary work
Can be expressed by one or two sentence statement about human beings or about life
May be stated directly or implied
Interpretation uncovers the theme
What is theme?

21. Example of Theme
“Every man needs to feel allegiance to his native country, whether he always appreciates that country or not.”
From “A Man Without a Country” by Edward Hale pg. 185 in Prentice Hall Literature book

22. The part of the story's plot line in which the problem of the story is resolved or worked out.
This occurs after the falling action and is typically where the story ends.
What is Resolution (Falling Action)?

23. What is Symbolism?
The use of a word, a phrase, or a description, which represents a deeper meaning than the words themselves.

24. a sudden twist, a ‘switcheroo,’ or a surprise ending
when you say one thing, but mean another. When it is done to hurt, it is called sarcasm.
What is irony?
What is verbal irony?

25. when you expect one thing, but another happens.
when the audience knows something that the characters do not.
What is situational irony?
What is dramatic irony?

26. Foreshadowing is when the author gives clues or hints about what might happen later on in a story.
Example: Nothing could go wrong on such a perfect day. Or so I, in my childlike innocence thought.
What is foreshadowing?

27. Flashback is an interruption in the present action of a story to tell about something that happened in the past—a jump back in time.
Example: I couldn’t believe I had been tricked! All of a sudden I remembered back to a summer long ago when My brother and I had gone to stay with our grandparents in the country . . .
What is a flashback?

28. What is mood? What is tone?
the feeling the vocabulary used conveys to the reader.
the writer’s attitude toward his/her subject.
What is mood?
What is tone?

29. the perspective, or vantage point, from which a story is told.
told by a character who uses the first-person pronoun “I”.
the narrator uses third-person pronouns such as “he” and “she” to refer to the characters.
What is point of view?
What first person point of view?
What is third person limited point of view?

30. What is third person omniscient point of view?
The reader is all-knowing. They know all the thought and feelings of all characters
What is third person omniscient point of view?

31. What is interior monologue?
The inner thoughts of a character. When a character is thinking to himself, it is called interior monologue
Gives the character to reflect
TIPS
Interior = inside
Monologue = one
What is interior monologue?