1. Inside the Earth

2. Why is geology important?

3. Layers of the Earth
If we could take a chunk out of the Earth, we would see that it is made up of different layers.

4. Layers of the Earth Earth is made up of 3 main layers Crust Mantle
Core
Each layer has it’s own individual composition and physical properties.

5. Physical Properties and Composition
Composition= what it’s made of
Physical properties= characteristic that is unique and helps to identify the substance (temp, size, shape, color)
Example: Chocolate Chip Cookies
Composition- flour, eggs, sugar, chocolate
chips, baking powder, butter
Properties- round, rough, sweet, tan and black, hot, lumpy,

6. Layers of the Earth(p90) CRUST Physical Properties:
outermost layer
thinnest layer (5-70km thick)
Surface temperature
1% of Earth’s mass
where we live
touches the atmosphere
Composition:
consists of loose rocks
& soil

7. Crust
Very
thin

8. 2 Types of Crust Continental Crust: dry land, granite less dense
Oceanic Crust:
ocean floor,
Basalt, thinner
than cont. crust
but more dense

9. Layers of the Earth MANTLE Physical Properties:
thickest layer (2900km thick) F
66% of earth’s mass
flowing
Composition:
Molten rock
Magma

10. Layers of the Earth CORE Physical properties: HOT! 4000-8000 F
Very dense
High pressure
4000 miles from surface
33% of Earth’s mass
About the same size as
Mars
Composition:
Iron and Nickel (metals)

11. What have you noticed about temperature and pressure?
As you get deeper inside the Earth, temperature Increases
As you get deeper inside the Earth, pressure Increases

12. Layers of the Earth The 3 main layers of the Earth can be
divided further by
the way they “act”
within the Earth
and by their
different physical
properties.

13. Lithosphere Crust and upper Mantle
outermost layer – includes crust and upper mantle
rigid
divided into
pieces or
tectonic plates
Rocks and soil

14. Asthenosphere Middle Mantle
composed of solid flowing rock
layer on which pieces of lithosphere move on top (solid rock that flows)
Think of
it like caramel

15. Mesosphere Bottom Mantle
strong, lower part of the mantle
layer between asthenosphere and core

16. The Core Outer and Inner
The core is divided into two parts
Outer Core:
Liquid iron and nickel that’s spinning
Inner Core:
Solid iron and nickel
Solid because of all the pressure of the rest of the Earth surrounding it.

18. How do we know? Seismic waves produced by earthquakes travel at
different
speeds through
solid rock
and liquids

19. Layers of the Earth