1. 11.2 Applying Mendel’s Principles
Q: How can we use probability to predict traits?
A: P315: Punnett squares use mathematical probability to help predict the genotype and phenotype combinations in genetic crosses.
Probability-the likelihood that a particular event will occur

2. Punnett Square-predicts the outcome.
Homozygous- Same (TT or tt)
Heterozygous- different (Tt)
Phenotype- physical features
Genotype- genetic make-up (Tt)

3. T t T t What is the genotype of the offspring?
_____________________________________________ t
What is the genotype of the offspring?
What is the phenotype of the offspring?

4. Q: How do alleles segregate when more than one gen is involved?
A: Independent Assortment-genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
The Two-Factor Cross: F1-first generation &
F2-second generation

5. First generation cross. Homozygous or HeterozygousOffspring?

6. Homozygous or
Heterozygous?
Offspring?
Yellow & smooth?
Yellow & rough?
Green & smooth?
Green & rough
Ratio?

7. Summary:
Q: What did Mendel contribute to our understanding of genetics?
A: Mendel’s principles of heredity, observed through patterns of inheritance, form the basis of modern genetics.

8. WB Skip #2, 9, 13, 14, 15, 26, 27