1. Research Design
Experimental Method

2. Why do we conduct Psychological research? (demos first)
Hindsight Bias
the “I-knew-it-all-along” phenomenon
Ex:
Overconfidence
we tend to think we know more than we do

3. Why do research? Experiment
Understanding the cause and effect relationship between two variables.
Manipulate subjects

4. Scientific Method State Problem Develop a Hypothesis
Operationalize Definitions
Identify Variables
Identify Population & sample size

5. Hypothesis…
Hypothesis
a testable prediction

6. If people watch violent television they will be more aggressive.
1)Independent & Dependent Variables
2) Operationalize Variables
3) Forming Experimental & Control Groups

7. Confounding Variables
Defined: a difference between experimental and control conditions that may effect the dependent variable
-Subject-related=
- some subjects may self select
groups.
-Situation-related=
- location, time of day, weather, presence of others.

8. Common Flaws in Research Population & Sampling
Population- The total group of subjects available .
Ex:
Representative Sample-
- Do research subjects stand in for total population?
Random Assignment of a sample
assigning participants to groups by chance
Why do we randomly assign?
Stratified Sample-
-sample represents the population based on a criteria.
( race, Gender. age)
-Why stratify a sample?

9. Methods to overcome experimenter bias…
Placebo &Placebo Effect-?
Double-Blind Procedure- neither subjects nor researchers can affect outcome of experiment. Ex

10. APA Ethical Guidelines
Informed Consent
No Coercion
Confidential Results
No Risk or Harm
Debrief

11. Advantages & Disadvantages: Experiment
CAN establish cause and effect
Can actively manipulate variables via operationalization of variables
Can use double blind procedure
Can distinguish between real and placebo effects
Can be replicated

12. Disadvantages: Experiments may be artificial or contrived
Hard to establish controls, eliminate confounding variables
Probability of bias
$ and time consuming

13. STOP

14. Research:
Case History= A biographical review of patients relevant history.
Advantages:
- In depth info
- Rare Phenomena or unusual cases
- Preexisting cases don’t involve ethics
- Time and $ Factors
Disadvantages:
- Can’t generalize results
- Inaccurate reporting
- no cause and effect

15. Survey the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people
representative, random sample of people
Ending Suffrage You tube
Advantages:
-Time & $
- Gather Large amount of data
Disadvantages:
- Self report, difficult to construct

16. Naturalistic Observation:
observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations
Advantages: natural setting
Disadvantages: cant generalize, variables are not controlled