1. GSM (GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION)

2. PRESENTATION PLAN INTRODUCTION CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
MOBILITY AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
GSM PROTOCOLS

3. HISTORY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
1982 CEPT start to develop cell structure
1986 Basic GSM radio tarnsmission technics chosen
1988 The Telecommunication Standarts Instute define GSM
1989 Explanation is finished for GSM Generation 1
1991 First call in GSM

4. 1992 First GSM Network in the world
1993 GSM Network is reached 32
1994 First GSM Network in Africa,
1995 GSM Network is reached 117
Million User on the World
1999 First GPRS
Million User on the World

5. 2003 863 Million User on the World
2004 3G World Congress
Billion user on the world

6. 1st Generation Start to use in 1989 Call forwarding All calls
No answer
Engaged
Unreachable
Outgoing calls barring
Incoming calls barring
Global roaming

7. 2nd Generation Finished process in 1995 SMS(Short Message Services)
Multi Party Calling
Call holding
Call waiting
Mobile data service
Mobile fax service
Call line identity
Advice of charging
Cell broadcast

8. 2+ Generation
Start to use in 1998
Services developed
DECT and GSM
VPN(Virtual Private Network)
Packet Radio
SIM development
Enjoyable services

9. Mobile Radio Cellular Mobile Communications

10. Definition
A cellular mobile comms. system uses a large number of low-power wireless transmitters to create cells
Variable power levels allow cells to be sized according to subscriber density and demand within a particular region
As mobile users travel from cell to cell, their conversations are handed off between cells
Channels (frequencies) used in one cell can be reused in another cell some distance away

11. Mobile Comms. Principles
Mobile uses a separate, temporary radio channel to talk to the cell site
Cell site talks to many mobiles at once, using one channel per mobile
Channels use a pair of frequencies for communication
The forward link for transmitting from the cell site
The reverse link for the cell site to receive calls from the users

12. Mobile Comms. Principles
Radio energy dissipates over distance, so mobiles must stay near the base station to maintain communications
Basic structure of mobile networks includes telephone systems and radio services

13. Mobile Comms. Principles
Where mobile radio service operates in a closed network and has no access to the telephone system, mobile telephone service allows interconnection to the telephone network

14. Mobile Comms. Principles
Radio energy dissipates over distance, so mobiles must stay near the base station to maintain communications
basic structure of mobile networks includes telephone systems and radio services

15. Mobile Systems Using Cells
The cellular concept employs variable low-power levels
cells are sized according to the subscriber density and demand in a given area
Cells can be added to accommodate population growth

16. Mobile Systems Using Cells
As with early mobile radio systems, the base station communicates with mobiles via a channel
The channel is made of two frequencies, one for transmitting to the base station and one to receive information from the base station
Mobile System using Cellular architecture

17. Cellular System Architecture
In modern cellular telephony, rural and urban regions are divided into areas according to specific provisioning guidelines
Deployment parameters, such as amount of cell-splitting and cell sizes, are determined by engineers experienced in cellular system architecture

18. Cells A cell is the basic geographic unit of a cellular system
The term cellular comes from the honeycomb shape of the areas into which a coverage region is divided
Cells are base stations transmitting over small geographic areas that are represented as hexagons
Size varies depending on the landscape

19. Clusters A cluster is a group of cells
No channels are reused within a cluster
A seven Cell Cluster

20. Cell Splitting
Allows urban centres to be split into as many areas as necessary for acceptable service levels in heavy-traffic regions, while larger, less expensive cells can be used to cover remote rural regions

21. GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

22. OPEN INTERFACES OF GSM Network Switching Subsystem(NSS)
Base Station Subsystem(BSS)
Network Management Subsystem(NMS) or Operation and Support Subsystem(OSS)
They connect with Air,A,O&M interfaces

24. MOBILITY FUNCTIONS Registration and Database
SIM (The Subscriber Identity Module)
Location Update

25. Registration and Database
HLR (Home Location Register)
It includes all permanent user’s information
VLR(Visitor Location Register)
It includes temporary user’s information according to user’s position
MSC (Mobile Switching Center)
It is an integrated structure with phone exchange(Santral)

26. Databases of GSM Network

27. SIM It includes numbers which provide definition of user for network
It also includes reachable networks list

28. Location Update

29. Procedure of Location Update

30. SET UP CALLS IN GSM NETWORK
MSISDN = CC + NDC + SN
CC : Country Code
NDC : National Destination Code
SN : Subscriber Number
GMSC : Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center

31. REACH CALLS FROM PSTN TO GSM NETWORK

32. GUİDE CALL TO GSM NETWORK

33. CONTENT OF HLR MSISDN IMSI They provide the right call, right service
IMSI = MCC+MNC+MSIN
MCC = Mobile Country Code
MNC = Mobile Network Code
MSIN = Mobile Sucscriber Identification Number

34. MSRN (Mobile Station Roaming Number) MSRN = CC + NDC + SN
CC : Country Code
NDC : National Destination Code
SN : Subscriber Number
2.MSC wants to MSRN FROM HLR(Left Photo)
HLR gives MSRN to MSC for startin call(Right Photo)

35. PROCEDURE OF CALL SET UP

36. Procedure The number is MSISDN
PSTN central analyse the MSISDN and connect to GMSC
GMSC analyse the MSISDN and send message HLR
HLR control databases and thrust into the user’s location
HLR query MSC/VLR

37. MSC/VLR produce MSRN
MSC/VLR send MSRN to HLR, HLR send it to GMSC
GMSC realise MSC/VLR for forwarding call
MSC/VLR gets MSRN and starts to call
MSC/VLR starts to paging process in location area.The user is found with paging signal and call set up

38. PROCEDURE OF CALL SET UP FROM MOBİLE USER

39. HANDOVER
TWO REASON
When The Radio Signal’s quality and power decreases to necessary scores, the connection deliver to more powerful cell
When The Trraffic Capacity approaches to maximum , the connection deliver to less density of traffic cell

40. SIGNALS AND PROTOCOLS STANDART MESSAGES SENDER WANTS TO SERVICE
OPERATOR ASK THAT YOU WANTS TO TALK ,BUT WHICH USER
OPERATOR CONNECT TO RECEIVER
WHEN THE RECEIVER REPLIES TO CALL ,THE CALL STARTS
WHEN THE RECEIVER OR SENDER CLOSE THE PHONE , THE OPERATOR FINISH CONNECTION TO EACH OTHER

41. PROCEDURE OF SIGNALS

42. COMMON CHANNEL SIGNALLING SYSTEM
MTP(MASSAGE TRANSFER PART)
TUP(TELEPHONE USER PART)
SSCP(SIGNALLING CONNECTION AND CONTROL PART)

43. MTP(MASSAGE TRANSFER PART)

44. PHYSICAL CONNECTION It includes data links and their propertie
DATA LINK CONTROL
It helps to transfer messages between component of network perfectly
NETWORK LAYER
It provides to transfer messages between component of network

45. TUP(TELEPHONE USER PART)

46. User’s identification
Who get this messages or signals
Who make a process this signal
TUP,NUD,ISUP help to set up calls and they make same task

47. SIGNALLING CONNECTION AND CONTROL PART

48. It provides virtual connections
It guarentee to transfer messages from every signals point to every signals point secure
It provides multi-point communication

49. Briefly MTP transmit messages
TUP use this messages.It sets up calls,manages calls and finishes calls
SCCP create virtual connections and multi-point communication

50. OTHER SS7 APPLICATION IN GSM NETWORK
BSSAP(Base Station Subsystem Application Part)
MAP (Mobile Application Part)
TCAP (Transaction Capabilities Application Part)

51. BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM APPLICATION PART
BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM APPLICATION PART It provide MSC-BSC and MSC-MS communication SCCP service is required

52. MOBILE APPLICATION PART
Before the call is guided to HLR, MSRN is wanted from HLR , so the another protocol is added SS7 which is called MAP
It provides to communicate between Component of Network Switching Subsystem
MAP only uses for non-call-related messaging in MSC-MSC communication

53. TCAP (Transaction Capabilities Application Part)
TCAP (Transaction Capabilities Application Part) It manages to communication in MAP It likes a secretary

54. SS7 LAYER IN COMPONENT OF GSM
SET OF PROTOCOL IN MSC
SET OF PROTOCOL IN HLR
SET OF PROTOCOL IN BSC

55. SET OF PROTOCOL IN MSC

56. MSC control calls
MTP is required for all components which works with SS7
TUP/ISUP is reuired for calls
It has all components of layers in SS7

57. SET OF PROTOCOL IN HLR

58. It does not intersest control of calls, so TUP/ISUP is not necessary
It does not connect directly, so BSSAP is not necessary

59. SET OF PROTOCOL IN BSC

60. BSS AP is only required
SCCP services are necessrary
Consequently MTP is required

61. SS7 PROTOCOLS IN DIFFERENT NETWORK COMPONENTS

62. Next table show functions of SS7 Protocols for all components of GSM network

63. MSC BSC HLR MTP SCCP BSSAP MAP TCAP INAP TUP/ISUP
It provides to transfer the messages of SS7 between different network components
TUP/ISUP
It provides to set up, manage and control the calls
No exist
SCCP
It provides connectionless communication and virtual connections
It provides virtual connection between MSC and MS
Connectionless Communication
BSSAP
It provides GSM communication between BSC and MS
MSC and GSM communication
MAP
It provides basic communication between HLR and other MSC
It provides basic communication between MSC and HLR
TCAP
It provides to connect service to MAP
INAP
It provides communication via Intelligent Network