1. mMOM: Efficient Mobile Multicast Support Based on the Mobility of Mobile Hosts YUNGOO HUH and CHEEHA KIM Presented by Kiran Kumar Bankupally

2. Agenda Terminology Terminology Introduction Introduction Some implementation details Some implementation details mMOM: mobility based MObile Multicast support mMOM: mobility based MObile Multicast support Performance Evaluation Performance Evaluation Conclusions Conclusions

3. Introduction Necessity Necessity What is multicasting? What is multicasting? sender sends a single datagram to the multicast address, and the routers take care of making copies and sending them to all receivers that have registered their interest in data from that sender.sender sends a single datagram to the multicast address, and the routers take care of making copies and sending them to all receivers that have registered their interest in data from that sender. One way streaming mediaOne way streaming media Mobile IP!!!! Mobile IP!!!!

4. Mobile IP Mobile IP is a Protocol that allows mobile device users to move from one network to another while maintaining a permanent IP address Mobile IP is a Protocol that allows mobile device users to move from one network to another while maintaining a permanent IP address A Mobile IP consists of A Mobile IP consists of HA-Home AgentHA-Home Agent FA-Foreign AgentFA-Foreign Agent

5. Cont.. Home Agent Home Agent stores information about mobile nodes whose permanent address is in the home agent's networkstores information about mobile nodes whose permanent address is in the home agent's network Foreign Agent Foreign Agent stores information about mobile nodes visiting its network care-of addresses, which are used by Mobile IPstores information about mobile nodes visiting its network care-of addresses, which are used by Mobile IP

6. More on Mobile IP Mobile IP protocol defines the following: an authenticated registration procedure by which a mobile node informs its home agent of its care- of-address an authenticated registration procedure by which a mobile node informs its home agent of its care- of-address an extension to ICMP Router Discovery, which allows mobile nodes to discover prospective home agents and foreign agents an extension to ICMP Router Discovery, which allows mobile nodes to discover prospective home agents and foreign agents the rules for routing packets to and from mobile nodes, including the specification of one mandatory tunneling mechanism and several optional tunneling mechanisms. the rules for routing packets to and from mobile nodes, including the specification of one mandatory tunneling mechanism and several optional tunneling mechanisms.

7. Mobile IP & multicast Two types of multicasting Two types of multicasting Remote SubscriptionRemote Subscription Bidirectional TunnelingBidirectional Tunneling Relating this to the course. Relating this to the course.

8. Remote Subscription MH moves to a foreign network, it subscribes to the multicast group on the foreign network.

9. Cont….. Advantages:- option is simple and provides optimal routing efficiency Disadvantages:- will overload the multicast routers for multicast tree management suffer from packet losses at roaming, owing to the set-up time associated with multicast subscription (later it was rectified)

10. Bi directional Tunneling When MH is away from its home network, a bi-directional tunnel between its HA and FA is set up.

11. Cont….. Advantages:- guarantees multicast packet delivery against roaming handles the mobility of both the source and recipients Disadvantages:- the routing path for packet delivery may be far from optimality tunnel convergence problem can occur

12. mMoM Mobility based mobile multicast support Mobility based mobile multicast support Uses Registration Process Uses Registration Process FA maintains List of MH registrations FA maintains List of MH registrations

13. The Process MH moves first to a foreign network, a bi-directional tunnel to its HA is set up in mMOM as the BT option If MH does not switch its foreign network, it must perform re-registration to its HA via the FA again before the expiration of its lifetime Implies Temporal Locality in FA Network

14. Performance Evaluation Analytical Model Analytical Model Analytical Results Analytical Results

15. Our Part Assumptions Assumptions single multicast group with one source source is a fixed host and other members of the multicast group are MHs. Group membership does not change dynamically and there are M MHs belonging to the multicast group each network has only one FA

16. Cont…. MHs re-registration time and residence time in FA are exponential random variables with parameters τ and μ, respectively. Networks are homogenous and are distributed in n × n matrix with each node has exactly four neighbors. MH is assumed to move to one of four directions randomly with equal probability

17. Our network Structure

18. Final Assumption the interarrival time of MHs at a FA is exponentially distributed with mean rate λ. λ = μ/(n 2 1) (first proof)

19. Markov chain describing the behavior of MH under the n × n homogenous networks

20. Here we go……

21. The limiting Probabilities are!!!!! The limiting Probabilities are!!!!!

22. Substituting that in the equation above gives you Substituting that in the equation above gives you Where 0 < a, b < n+ 1

23. The given diagram reduces to The given diagram reduces to Markov chain for describing the arrival rate of single MH to FA positioning (a, b) under the n × n homogenous networks.

24. Back to the problem Each state is represented by (α, β) α indicates the number of MH serviced by the FA, β is either 0 (denoting that the FA is not involved in the multicast service) 1 (denoting that the FA is already in the multicast service)

25. Markov chain describing the behavior of FA under mMOM.

26. Representation

28. By assuming

29. Now the equations reduce to the probability P k in nothing but the steady state probability in M/M///M model shown!!!!!!!

30. Equations Thus the number of MHs in the FA is Thus the number of MHs in the FA is given by And then these set of equations were given

31. More…… multicast tree management overhead (E m ) number of join and leave operations per unit time, the overhead in RS, BT, MoM, and mMOM can be expressed as follows

32. And more… expected number of tunneling paths to FA (n d )

33. Analytical Results Assumptions Assumptions Departure Rate (=1Departure Rate (μ)=1 ratio of the mobility rate to the re- registration rate (MRR) MRR= μ/τ

34. The tree management overhead

35. The expected number of tunneling paths

36. The tree management overhead

37. The expected number of tunneling paths in FA

38. The total cost C T

39. Conclusion Improved efficiency in terms of optimal delivery path and frequency of multicast tree reconfiguration

40. Future Work how to handle the co-located care- of-address approach in mMOM