1. Mobile phones as a tool for learning by Mats Reinsby -2007-

2. Outline Why use mobile phones for learning? Limitations for mobile as learning tool Why metadata? What is SCORM? Research questions Methods used Results from literature studies The evaluation of SCORM Summary

3. Why mobile phones? Widespread Portabel Universal Available Learn anytime, anywhere!

4. Limitations Technical limitations Hard to concentrate in some settings Expensive to download content Difficult to adapt all content to mobile Need metadata to enable filtering of content

5. Metadata Data about technical and pedagogical requirements Tell the system what it needs from device SCORM allows metadata

6. SCORM Sharable Content Object Reference Model Project startet by DoD through ADL i 1997 Collection of standards from several international organizations (AICC, ARIADNE, IEEE LTSC, IMS) Resulted in a Content Model for learning material. De facto standard within e- Learningindustry

7. SCORM CAM Content Aggregation Model Organization SCO or Asset All levels can be tagged Metadata based on IEEE LOM

8. IEEE LOM Based on XML Developed for e- Learning content Nine categories: Technical and Educational relevant Developed by IEEE LTSC in 2002 General TechnicalRelation Life Cycle EducationalAnnotation Meta-metadata RightsClassification

9. Outline Why use mobile phones for learning? Limitations for mobile as learning tool Why metadata? What is SCORM? Research questions Methods used Results from literature studies The evaluation of SCORM Summary

10. Research questions What flaws and shortcomings that will limit the utilization of mobile phones as a tool for learning can be found in the SCORM metadata specifications? 1. What properties are important to consider when serving learning content to mobile devices? 2. What are the most important features of an LMS designed to support the use of mobile devices as a tool for learning? 3. How can the SCORM metadata specifications be extended to better support the delivery of learning content to mobile devices?

11. Methods Literature study on learning objects Literature study on mobile learning Literature study on SCORM Studying various LMS Studying current and future mobile phones Evaluating SCORM based on criteria identified through studies

12. 10 important properties - Screen properties (based on device detected) -Input requirements (based on device detected) -Processing power (based on device detected) -Storage needs (based on device detected) -Connection speed (based on device detected) -Browser functionality (based on device detected) -Learning situation (based on user input on login) -Learner style (based on learner profile) -Knowledge level (based on learner profile+ history) -Time available (based on user input on login)

13. Evaluation of SCORM Expositive 18-25 Very hard Very high video/mpeg 14349389 PT1M45S Screen properties Input requirements Processing power Storage needs Connection speed Browser functionality Learning situation Learner style Knowledge level Time available

14. Evaluation of SCORM All 10 properties possible to specify? Consistent syntax? Room for extensions? Model suitable for purpose? Possible to implement good filtering?

15. Evaluation of SCORM Fully supportedNot supported Size Input Storage Connection Situation Learner style Browser Knowledge Screen size Processing power

16. Summary – whats missing? Consistent way to describe learning contents requirements to a device Strict schema for metadata tags Element dedicated to describe screen size and resolution A way to indicate required processing power An industry willing to cooperate! …or Tank!

17. Any questions? Thank you for listening!