1. DR. ELIZABETH ANTHONY Language & Communication Department FSTPi, UTHM
FINAL REPORT
DR. ELIZABETH ANTHONY
Language & Communication Department
FSTPi, UTHM

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FINAL REPORT
What is a final report?
Written upon the completion of any undertaken project. It is the project result.
There are three (3) parts.

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FINAL REPORT
Part 1 (The Introduction)
Part 2 (The Body)
Part 3 (The Conclusion)

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FINAL REPORT
Part 1 (The Introduction)
This part contains the seven components of the proposal; The Background of Study, Statement of Problem(s), Objectives, Significance of the Study, Limitation of the Study, Definition of Terms, Procedures/ Methodology.
Note: To be written in the past tense.

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FINAL REPORT
Part 2 ( The Body)
This section comprises the following
components;
a) The theoretical background (Literature Review).
- description of the theory that
underlies your project.

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FINAL REPORT
Part 2 ( The Body) cont …
b) The project description.
- give a physical description of the
device/equipment you have
constructed.
- tell the reader how your device is
used.

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Part 2 ( The Body) cont …
c) The product development.
- Tell the reader in detail how you
made/built your project item.

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Part 2 ( The Body) cont …
d) Assembly and testing.
- Give a description about the
operation and the tests which you
have conducted to check that the
device/equipment you have
produced works.

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Part 2 ( The Body) cont …
e) The discussion
- Discuss what you have achieved in
your project, the lessons that you
have learnt, the shortcomings of the
project and the reasons for these
shortcomings.

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Part 3 (The Conclusion)
There are three components in this part:
Discussing the meeting of objectives.
- Tell the reader whether you met your
objectives, and if not the extent to
which you did meet them.

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Part 3 (The Conclusion) cont …
Proposing or recommending design improvements.
- Indicate other ideas that could improve your piece of work in terms of its cost, efficiency to design, etc.

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Part 3 (The Conclusion) cont …
Suggesting new lines of study.
- Giving rise to new projects and new areas of study.

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ASSIGNMENT
1. Introduction
1.1 The Background of Study
1.2 Statement of Problem(s)
1.3 Objectives
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Limitation of the Study
1.6 Definition of Terms
1.7 Procedures/ Methodology.

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ASSIGNMENT
2. Findings
The longest and most important section of the report.
Present the findings of your study in the form of graphs and tables, as well as in writing (the discussion/ explanation).

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Findings cont …
Figures (graphs, tables, and diagrams) present the complete findings in numerical terms while the text helps the reader to focus on, and discuss the important points of the result.

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ASSIGNMENT
Findings cont …
The written text must consist of three
important elements:
reference to the data
important points
discussion/comments
EXAMPLE
Title: Income and Control over Financial
Decision-Making in the Family.

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ASSIGNMENT
USEFUL PHRASES FOR WRITING THE FINDINGS
[A] Reporting the findings
This is evident in …
It is evident that …
It is observed that …
It can be seen that …
From the data gathered …
From the information available …
From the pie-chart/table/graph …
Based on the data/pie- chart/table/graph …
There is overwhelming evidence to show that …
As evident from the data/pie- chart/table/graph …

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ASSIGNMENT
USEFUL PHRASES FOR WRITING THE FINDINGS
[B] Discussing the findings
It seems that …
It is most likely that …
This suggests …
This means that …
This is probably because …
This probably explains why …
Perhaps this is because …
Apparently/Possibly …

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ASSIGNMENT
3. Conclusion
In this section of the report, tie together all the important points mentioned in the Findings.
EXAMPLE
Title: Factors contributing to the Declining Standard of English among UPM Students.

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ASSIGNMENT
USEFUL PHRASES FOR WRITING THE CONCLUSION
In summary …
In general …
In conclusion …
In a nutshell …
It can be concluded that …
To summarize …
Thus/Therefore/Hence …
The conclusions are …
The following conclusions can be drawn …

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ASSIGNMENT
4. Recommendation
In this section, recommend suggestions based on the conclusion for further action.
EXAMPLE
Title: Factors contributing to the Declining
Standard of English among UPM Students.

22. ASSIGNMENT The recommendations are … It can be recommended that …
USEFUL PHRASES FOR WRITING THE RECOMMENDATIONS
The recommendations are …
It can be recommended that …
From the conclusions, it can be recommended that …
In view of the above conclusions, it can be recommended that …

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Reference
Appendix
Abstract