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Explain the terms: arene and aromatic.
Week 1 Explain the terms: arene and aromatic. Describe and explain the models used to describe the structure of benzene. © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original
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Week 1 Benzene ring © Pearson Education Ltd 2009
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Week 1 Structure of aspirin 3 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009
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Structures of some common benzene derivatives
Week 1 Structures of some common benzene derivatives © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 4
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Week 1 Three isomers of C7H7Br 5 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009
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Benzene is classified as a carcinogen
Week 1 Benzene is classified as a carcinogen © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 6
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Suggested linear structure for benzene, with several double bonds
Week 1 Suggested linear structure for benzene, with several double bonds © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 7
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Kekulé structure of benzene
Week 1 Kekulé structure of benzene © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 8
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Review the evidence for a delocalised model of benzene.
Week 1 Review the evidence for a delocalised model of benzene. © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original
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Kekulé’s equilibrium model
Week 1 Kekulé’s equilibrium model © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original
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Hydrogenation enthalpies for cyclohexene and Kekulé’s benzene
Week 1 Hydrogenation enthalpies for cyclohexene and Kekulé’s benzene © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 11
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Enthalpy changes for the hydrogenation of cyclohexene and benzene
Week 1 Enthalpy changes for the hydrogenation of cyclohexene and benzene © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 12
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Week 1 Compare the Kekulé and delocalised models of benzene in terms of p-orbital overlap forming π-bonds. © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original
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Bonding around a carbon atom in a section of a benzene ring
Week 1 Bonding around a carbon atom in a section of a benzene ring © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original
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Week 1 The delocalised structure of benzene forms when the p-orbitals overlap sideways © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 15
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Benzene is often represented in this way in equations and mechanisms
Week 1 Benzene is often represented in this way in equations and mechanisms © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 16
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Week 1 Resonance hybrids of benzene (left) and the common representation of benzene (right) © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 17
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Week 1 A localised π-bond 18 © Pearson Education Ltd 2009
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Week 1 Describe the electrophilic substitution of arenes with concentrated nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. Describe the electrophilic substitution of arenes with halogens in the presence of a suitable halogen carrier. © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original
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Equation for the preparation of nitrobenzene
Week 1 Equation for the preparation of nitrobenzene © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original
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Preparing nitrobenzene by heating benzene
Week 1 Preparing nitrobenzene by heating benzene © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 21
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Benzene reacts with chlorine to produce chlorobenzene
Week 1 Benzene reacts with chlorine to produce chlorobenzene © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 22
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Equation for the preparation of bromobenzene
Week 1 Equation for the preparation of bromobenzene © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 23
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Outline the mechanism of electrophilic substitution in arenes.
Week 1 Outline the mechanism of electrophilic substitution in arenes. Outline the mechanism for the mononitration and monohalogenation of benzene. © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original
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Electrophilic substitution in benzene
Week 1 Electrophilic substitution in benzene © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original
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Curly arrows are used to represent the movement of electron pairs
Week 1 Curly arrows are used to represent the movement of electron pairs © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 26
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Mechanism for the nitration of benzene
Week 1 Mechanism for the nitration of benzene © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 27
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Mechanism for the bromination of benzene
Week 1 Mechanism for the bromination of benzene © Pearson Education Ltd 2009 This document may have been altered from the original 28
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