1. welcome

2. S OIL HEALTH Soil health is defined as the continued capacity of soil to function as a vital living system, by recognising that it contains biological elements that are key to ecosystem function within land use boundaries. These functions are able to sustain biological productivity of soil, maintain the quality of surroundings air and water environments, as well as promote plant, animal, and human health.

3. Important soil functions related to crop production  Infiltration and storage of water.  Retention and cycling of nutrients.  Pest and weed suppression.  Detoxification of harmful chemicals.  Production of food and fibre.

4. S OIL PROPERTIES Soil aggregate stability (texture) Soil biodiversity Soil carbon Soil fertility Soil functions Soil PH Soil quality Soil structure Soil water

9. C HARACTERISTICS OF HEALTY SOIL  Good soil tilth :- Soil tilth refers to physical characters of soil for crop production.  Depth:- Require for root growth and function  Nutrients supply Nutrients require for growth and development of plants

10. S OIL DRAINAGE :- I N HEAVY RAIN CONDTION, DRAINAGE IS REQUIRED TO CONTROL LOSS OF NUTRIENTS AND HEALTHY SOIL. M ICRO - ORGANISMS :- H ELPS IN NUTRIENTS CYCLING, DECOMPOSTION OF ORGANIC WASTES, MAINTAINCE OF SOIL STRUTURE AND SUPPERRSION OF PESTS. F REE OF TOXIC CHEMICALS :- F REE FROM TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND HARMFUL CHEMICALS, IT WILL HELPS IN MAINTAIN OF GOOD MICROBIAL POPULATION AND SOIL HUMUS STATUS.

11. R ESISTANCE TO DEGRADTION :- HEALTHY SOIL, WELL AGGREGATED SOIL IS MORE RESISTANT TO ADVERSE EVENTS INCLUDING EROSION BY WIND AND RAIN. C REATE FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS :- H EALTHY SOIL CAN BE SUPPLY FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS FOR BETTER IN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CROP.

14. S OIL HEALTH IS AN ASSESSMENT Soil health is an assessment of how well soil performs all of its functions now and how those functions are being preserved for future use. Soil health cannot be determined by measuring only crop yield, water quality, or any other single outcome. Soil health cannot be measured directly, so we evaluate indicators.

15. I NDICATORS AND R ELATIONSHIP TO S OIL H EALTH Soil organic matter: Nutrient retention; soil fertility; soil structure; soil stability; and soil erosion. Physical: Bulk density, infiltration, soil structure and macropores, soil depth, and water holding capacity. Retention and transport of water and nutrients; habitat for soil microbes; estimate of crop productivity potential; compaction, plow pan, water movement; porosity; and workability.

16. C HEMICAL : E LECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY, REACTIVE CARBON, SOIL NITRATE, SOIL P H, AND EXTRACTABLE PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM. B IOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL ACTIVITY THRESHOLDS ; PLANT AND MICROBIAL ACTIVITY THRESHOLDS ; AND PLANT AVAILABLE NUTRIENTS AND POTENTIAL FOR N AND P LOSS. B IOLOGICAL : E ARTHWORMS, MICROBIAL BIOMASS C AND N, PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER, POTENTIALLY MINERALIZABLE N, SOIL ENZYMES, SOIL RESPIRATION, AND TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON. M ICROBIAL CATALYTIC POTENTIAL AND REPOSITORY FOR C AND N; SOIL PRODUCTIVITY AND N SUPPLYING POTENTIAL ; AND MICROBIAL ACTIVITY MEASURE.

17. S OIL MANAGEMENT Soil management is the application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance (such as soil fertility or soil mechanics). It includes soil conservation, soil amendment, and optimal soil healthsoil fertilitysoil mechanicssoil conservationsoil amendmentsoil health

18.  C OVER CROPS W INTER COVER CROPS S UMMER FALLOW COVER CROPS S EASON LONG COVER CROP O RGANIC AMENDMENTS A NIMAL MANURE C OMPOST G REEN MANURE CROPS C ROP RESIDUE T ILLAGE C ROP ROTATION

20. SOIL REQUIREMENT OF MULBERRY CULTIVATION M ULBERRY FLOURISHES WELL IN SOILS THAT ARE FLAT, DEEP, FERTILE, WELL DRAINED, LOAMY TO CLAYEY, AND POROUS WITH GOOD MOISTURE HOLDING CAPACITY. T HE IDEAL RANGE OF SOIL P H IS 6.2 TO 6.8, THE OPTIMUM BEING 6.5 TO 6.8. S OIL AMENDMENTS MAY BE USED TO CORRECT THE SOIL TO OBTAIN THE REQUIRED P H.

21. Thank you