1. Types of Bonds
Topic 3 lesson 4

2. Essential Questions 1. How are electrons involved in bond formations?
2. What types of bonds form between atoms?
3. How do bonds determine certain properties of compounds?

3. Lewis Dot structure Review
A  X would be the electron dot formula for
1) Na 2) K 3) Al
 
B  X  would be the electron dot formula 
1) B 2) N 3) P

4. Valence electrons are involved in bonding.
Why do Atoms Bond?
To become stable.
V = ____
Valence electrons are involved in bonding.

5. The combining of atoms to form molecules or compounds.
What is a Chemical Bond?
The combining of atoms to form molecules or compounds.
Poisonous gas
Soft, metal + =

6. Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding forms ionic compounds transfer of e-
forms molecules
sharing e-

7. Types of Chemical Bonds
1. Ionic Bonds: formed when atoms lose or gain e-
Atoms start off neutral. When they lose or gain e-, they become ions.
Charges must be equal
IONS are charged atoms
Occurs between a METAL and a NONMETAL

8. Ionic Bonds Metal to Nonmetal19
Ionic Bonds Metal to Nonmetal
Electrons either taken or given away
Sodium
Chlorine +
Opposites attract

9. Losing & Gaining Electrons Nonmetals form ANIONS (-)
Metals form CATIONS (+) Na
Give Away
Nonmetals form ANIONS (-) Cl
Take in

10. The (-) ion and (+) ion attract.
Opposites Attract
The (-) ion and (+) ion attract. Na Cl
(1+)
(1-) Na Cl
A neutral COMPOUND

11. Polyatomic Ions are ions that are made
of more than one ion. Poly meaning “many”
Metal & Nonmetal
Positive & Negative charge
End in ide, ate or ite
Names of Ionic Compounds
First, take the name of the positive metal element
Second, take the name of the negative, nonmetal element and give it an –ide ending
Third, combine the two
names. Example: BaI2
1: barium
2: Iodine…add ide…Iodide
3: barium iodide
If the negative ion is a single element
End of it’s name changes to –ide
NaCl Sodium Chloride
MgO Magnesium Oxide
If the negative ion is polyatomic
Ends with ate or ite
NH4NO3 ammonium nitrate (fertilizer)

12. The Strongest wins the battle and loses the bone (electron)
Ionic Bonds
The Strongest wins the battle and loses the bone (electron)

13. Ionic Bonds
An ionic bond is the resulting attraction for an anion and a cation after an electron is transferred from the metal to the non-metal

14. Properties of Ionic Compounds
Have properties that are different from their original elements.
Hard
brittle solids (Crystal)
high melting points
When melted or dissolved in water, they conduct electric current.

15. Practice Ionic Bonds
On your white board, with blue and red chips, illustrate the following Ionic bonds
Written on the board
Blue =Metals
Red= Non-metal

16. Diatomic Molecules -atoms of the same element share e-
Types of Chemical Bonds
Covalent Bonds: formed when atoms share e-; occurs b/t two nonmetals
Diatomic Molecules -atoms of the same element share e- Cl Cl
BrINClHOF

17. Covalent Bonding
Dogs of equal strength

18. Covalent Bonds
A covalent bond exists when two electrons are shared by two non-metallic atoms

19. Covalent Bond: formed between two non-metals.
Ionic or Covalent?
Ionic Bonds: formed between a metal & non-metal.
Covalent Bond: formed between two non-metals.
molecules

20. Complete Covalent Map

21. Electron Sharing and Number of Bonds
The force that holds atoms together in a covalent bond is the attraction of each atom’s nucleus for the shared pair of electrons.
Single Bond (All atoms are stable- one bond) Hydrogen needs two to be stable and Carbon needs 4 to be stable. Both win.

23. Molecular vs. Ionic Molecular (Covalent) Ionic Lower melting point
Lower boiling point
Does not conduct electric current when dissolved or melted
High melting point
High boiling point
Conduct electric current when dissolved or melted

24.
Intro to Ionic and Covalent Compouds Coloring WS

25. Types of Chemical Bonds
*Accounts for many physical characteristics of metals, such as strength, malleability, conduction of heat and electricity, etc.
3. Metallic Bonds: formed when metals bond with other metals.
(sea of electrons)
Types of Chemical Bonds

26. Mellow dogs with plenty of bones to go around !
Metallic Bonds
Mellow dogs with plenty of bones to go around !

27. Metallic Bonding
Metallic bonds are best characterized by the phrase "a sea of electrons”

28. Metals Form Alloys Metals do not combine with metals. They form
Alloys which is a solution of a metal in a metal.
Examples are steel, brass, bronze and pewter.

29. A quick Review of Bonds:
Ionic
Metal (+)
Nonmetal (-)
Transfer of electrons creates ions that attract.
Nonmetal
Nonmetal
Covalent
The sharing of electrons creates molecules
. (BrINClHOF)
Metal
Metal
Metallic
Metal
electrons
Metal
Metal
All electrons are shared in a “sea of electrons.”

30. Practice
Compete the worksheet “ “

31. when electrons are shared equally
NONPOLAR COVALENT BONDS
when electrons are shared equally
H2 or Cl2

32. 2. Non-polar Covalent bonds- Two atoms share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons. Neither atom becomes charged because they are pulled equally.
Fluorine Atom
Fluorine Atom
Oxygen Molecule (O2)

33. when electrons are shared but shared unequally
POLAR COVALENT BONDS
when electrons are shared but shared unequally
H2O

34. Polar Covalent Bonds: Unevenly matched, but willing to share.

35. - Water is a polar molecule because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, and therefore electrons are pulled closer to oxygen. The atom with the stronger pull gains a slightly negative charge, and the atom with a weaker pull gains a slightly positive charge