1. Warm Up:
Put the Prehistoric cultures in order from the one that was around for the longest amount of time, to the one that was around for the shortest amount of time.

2. Paleo-Indians
10,000 BC – 8,000 BC

3. Paleo-Indians
Thought to have started out as vultures – eating things after they died
Followed herds of animals
Males – hunters females – gatherers
Hunted mammoths – only group
Points would stay inside the animal

5. Paleo Period – 10,000+ years ago
Why would Paleo Indians need the biggest spear points?

6. Paleo Scraper

7. Mammoth

8. Mastodon Tooth

9. Archaic Indians
8,000 BC – 1,000 BC

10. Archaic Indians Returned to the same site year after year
Hierarchy of individuals – based on burial sites
Evidence of canoes
Mass graves – 40 bodies (equal station)
Could smoke and store food to be eaten later

12. Early Archaic 8000 BCE – 5000 BCE
Rock Bowl

13. Archaic Deer Hunter
As large mammals became extinct during Archaic period, hunters began hunting deer, bear, turkey, and rabbit

14. Middle Archaic Period 5000 BCE – 4000 BCE
During the Archaic period hunters began to weight their spears to get more distance

15. Archaic Indians had a more complex lifestyle than Paleo indians

16. Late Archaic Period 4000 BCE – 1000 BCE
Archaic Axe Head

17. Pottery is first introduced
Early pottery was air dried not fired

18. Horticulture began in the late Archaic Period

19. Archaeologists have uncovered evidence of circular mounds including burial mounds, artifacts and evidence that the Late Archaic villages were more permanent

20. Woodland
1,000 BC – 1,000 AD

21. Woodland First to use bow and arrow
First to have permanent settlements (farming and storage)
Traded with other clans
Surplus of food – increased population
Burial mounds

25. Woodland Indians 1000 BCE – 1000 AD
During the early Woodland period, people still hunted and gathered most of their food. Spear Points looked like the one pictured above.

26. During the Woodland period, several hundred families banded together and formed tribes.

27. A shell midden was found in Stallings Island near Augusta
Shell Midden like the one found in Georgia

28. Woodland people lived in domed shaped huts made from trees

29. Hunting became easier with the invention of the bow and arrow

30. They learned to make pottery last longer

31. Kolomoki Mounds in GA are an example of Woodland cone-shaped mounds
Elaborate religious ceremonies were introduced during the Woodland period
Kolomoki Mounds in GA are an example of Woodland cone-shaped mounds

32. Woodland Indians began grinding corn into flour to make bread

33. Mississippian IndiansAD

34. Mississippians Mound builders
Large towns – center of gov’t and religious life - town built around central plaza
Chiefs and priests controlled trade, made alliances and war
Warfare increased – palisades – skeletons w/ arrows imbedded in them
Artwork – beheading and scalpings

35. Why build mounds?
Thought to be religious purposes – believed in a sun god – tried to get closer to him
Some mounds had the chief living on top – when he died they burned him in his house and added to the mound to build a new house for the next chief

41. Mississippian Indians 700 AD – 1600 AD

42. Mississippians were the most advanced ancient culture in Georgia

43. They were farmers and grew most of their food
Cultivating the foods we think of today as being the “most” Native American

44. New farming tools helped Mississippians become great farmers
Mississippian wooden farming hoe

45. The Temple Mound Builders were very religious
Archaeological finds such as statues and other items found in burial mounds give us clues about the religious beliefs of the Mississippians

46. Mississippian pottery was more ornate

47. Scientists are uncertain what happened to the Mississippians

48. Although Creek tradition and many anthropologists believe the great Mississippian societies broke off into smaller tribes after the arrival of Europeans forming the Creek Confederacy

49. Life Among the Common Folk at Italwa - 1295 AD
Etowah River Valley, Georgia

50. Muscogee Creek Town as it May Have Looked Around 1650