1. The Spread of Spanish America
Colonial empire
160,000 Spaniards subjugate millions of Indians
Universities in Mexico City and Lima

2. Global Competition John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) 1497-98
Jacques Cartier & Giovannia da Verrazano (1524 and 34)
Spanish- St. Augustine (1565)
Oldest continuously inhabited European settlement in future U.S.

4. 1598- Exploration into the Rio Grande Valley
Don Juan de Oñate
Cruelly abused Pueblos

5. Battle of Acoma
1599
1609: proclaim province New Mexico and founded capital at Santa Fé
No gold but souls

6. Mission societies

7. Popé’s Rebellion- 1680 Indian (Pueblo) uprising in colonial NM
Destroyed all churches, killed
Built a kiva on the ruins of Spanish plaza
Nearly 50 yrs to reclaim NM

8. French expedition in 1680s LaSalle down MS river
Spanish started establishing missions/settlements in Texas
Alamo

9. California No outside threats
1769: Father Junipero Serra founded San Diego
21 missions Franciscans

10. Franciscan way of conversion
Gathered seminomadic Indians into fortified missions
Taught them horticulture and basic crafts

11. “Mission Indians” Adopted Christianity
Lost contact with their native culture
diseases

12. Black Legend
Conquerers tortured and butchered Indians, stole gold, infected them with smallpox, and left nothing but misery
In reality, created an empire & laid the foundations for many future Spanish speaking nations

13. Something to think about
“The Spanish paid the Native Americans the high compliment of fusing with them through marriage and incorporating indigenous culture into their own, rather than shunning and eventually isolating the Indians as their English adversaries would do.”

14. English colonization Not interested early 1500s Allies with Spain
Protestant Reformation
1558: Elizabeth→ rivalry w/ Spain

15. Privateers/Pirates/Sea Dogs
“Twin goals” of profit and Protestantism
Sir Francis Drake (4,600 percent return)

16. Roanoke
1585
Sir Walter Raleigh
Virginia (Elizabeth)
vanished

17. Spanish Armada “Protestant wind”
Beginning of the end of Spain’s imperial dreams
Beginning of English naval power

18. Characteristics of England
Strong, unified national state under a popular monarch
Measure of religious unity
A vibrant sense of nationalism
1604: signed peace treaty with Spain

19. Other factors Population growing (+1 million in 50 yrs)
Woolen districts
Drifters/beggars/paupers
“surplus population”
Primogeniture
Joint-stock companies

20. Peace with a chastened Spain provided the opportunity for English colonization. Population growth provided the workers. Unemployment, as well as a thirst for adventure, for markets, and religious freedom, provided the motives. Joint-stock companies provided the financial means. The stage was not set for a historic effort to establish an English . . .

21. 1606 Virginia Company (joint-stock) Charter colony
Intended to make money quickly, not stay

22. Jamestown charter
Guaranteed colonists would have the same rights as English citizens
Ironic

23. May 24, 1607 Jamestown= bad life Captain John Smith
“dogges, Catts, Ratts, and Myce”
400 settlers 1609→60 after 1610

24. Spring 1610 Colonists leaving Met by Lord De La Warr
1625: 1200 Virginians