1. CIRCULATORY and RESPIRATORYpp

2. BLOOD Transports nutrients, O2, CO2, & waste
Defends the body against disease
Plasma: liquid medium
Red blood cells (erythrocytes): transport CO2 and O2
White blood cells (leukocytes): defend against disease
Platelets: form blood clots

3. RED BLOOD CELLS Most common in the blood
Also made in the red bone marrow
Made of iron-containing hemoglobin to attract oxygen
Lack of nucleus leaves space to transport materials

4. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Moves fluid throughout the body

5. Structures
Heart – muscular organ that pumps blood to all parts of the body.

6. Vessels: smooth muscle surrounded by connective tissue
a. arteries – carries blood from the heart to the organs
b. veins –carries blood to the heart
c. capillaries –narrow blood vessels that pass blood (cells) in single file.

8. Movement of Blood
right side: (deoxygenated) blood from body to heart to lungs
left side: (oxygenated) blood from lungs to the heart to body.

9. RESPIRATORY

10. External Function
Exchange of gases between atmosphere and blood

11. Mechanism
Large skeletal muscle (diaphragm) contracts pulling lungs down causing them to fill with air

12. Internal Function

13. exchange of gases between blood and cells
Gases diffuse across due to concentration gradients

14. Exhaled air Inhaled air Alveolar spaces Alveolar epithelial cells CO2
Figure 42.UN02
Exhaled air
Inhaled air
Alveolar
spaces
Alveolar
epithelial
cells
CO2 O2
Alveolar
capillaries
Pulmonary
arteries
Pulmonary
veins
Systemic
veins
Systemic
arteries
Heart
Figure 42.UN02 Summary figure, Concept 42.2
Systemic
capillaries
CO2 O2
Body tissue

15. Sensor/control center: Aorta Cerebrospinal fluid
Figure 42.29
Homeostasis:
Blood pH of about 7.4
CO2 level
decreases.
Stimulus:
Rising level of
CO2 in tissues
lowers blood pH.
Response:
Rib muscles
and diaphragm
increase rate
and depth of
ventilation.
Carotid
arteries
Figure Homeostatic control of breathing.
Sensor/control center:
Aorta
Cerebrospinal fluid
Medulla
oblongata

16. HOMEOSTASIS Breathing control centers are in the brain
The rate and depth of breathing in response to pH changes (O2 and CO2 concentrations)