1. Period 7 Part 2 (1890-1945) Ch.23 AP U.S. History
The Modern Era of the 1920s
Period 7 Part 2 ( )
Ch.23
AP U.S. History

2. Think About It
To what extent did developments during the Roaring Twenties maintain continuity or foster change in American politics and society? Consider the reforms of the Progressive Era.

3. Election of 1920 Warren G. Harding (R) James M. Cox (D)
“A Return to Normalcy”
James M. Cox (D)
Eugene V. Debs (Socialist)
Received 913,664 votes despite incarceration

4. Warren G. Harding (R) (1921-1923)
“A Return to Normalcy.”
Emergency Quota Act (1921)
Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922)
Washington Naval Conference ( )
Teapot Dome Scandal
Harding died in office
Calvin Coolidge assumed presidency

7. Election of 1924 Calvin Coolidge (R) John W. Davis (D)
Booming economy and conservatism
John W. Davis (D)
Democrats split between conservatives and liberals

8. Calvin Coolidge (R) (1923-1928)
“The business of the American people is business.”
National Origins Act (1924)
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

9. Election of 1928 Herbert Hoover (R) Al Smith (D)
First Catholic major party candidate

10. Herbert Hoover (R) ( )
“Given the chance to go forward with the policies of the last eight years, we shall soon… be in sight of the day when poverty will be banished from this nation.”

11. American Consumer Society
Welfare Capitalism
Real income increases
Higher rate for owners, managers, skilled labor
Minimal increased rates for unskilled labor and working class
Unions diminishing
However, 40% of people in poverty
Insurance, profit-sharing, worker safety
Decreased influence of unions
Mass Production
Wide variety and availability of consumer products at affordable prices
Model T
Domestic appliances
Installment Plans
Impact of the Automobile

12. Henry Ford

13. Consumer Ads

15. 1920s Hero Worship
Athletes, celebrities, innovators famed for individual accomplishment
A personification of American individualism
Babe Ruth
Charles Lindbergh
Fueled tabloid and gossip columns in newspapers and magazines

16. 1920s Society Women Nineteenth Amendment and Voting Employment
Usually voted as husbands
Politicians catered to female-friendly legislation and programs
Employment
Clerical, teachers, nurses, domestic servants
Lower wages and no managerial positions
Margaret Sanger
American Birth Control League
Established Planned Parenthood
Flapper Girl
Young women of the Jazz Age
Short hair, short hemline, cosmetics, cigarette

17. Flappers

20. 1920s Culture Wars Literature
The Lost Generation
Disillusioned by World War I, consumerism, and modernism
Ernest Hemingway
The Sun Also Rises
A Farewell to Arms
Sinclair Lewis
Babbitt
F. Scott Fitzgerald
The Great Gatsby

21. 1920s Society Blacks White Resentment
Lynchings increased especially in the South
United Negro Improvement Association
Marcus Garvey
Economic solidarity and advancement for blacks
Failed attempt of mass migration to Africa
Inspired black pride and nationalism

22. 1920s Culture Wars Harlem Renaissance
Fueled by the Great Migration
“Black is beautiful”
Black nationalist themes challenged racial stereotypes
Promote social and racial integration
Langston Hughes
Zora Neale Hurston
“Sometimes I feel discriminated against, but it does not make me angry. It merely astonishes me. How can anyone deny themselves the pleasure of my company? It’s beyond me.”

23. 1920s Culture Wars Religion
Fundamentalism
Literal view of Bible; Creationism
Attacked urban lifestyle and culture
Revivalists
Billy Sunday
Aimee Semple McPherson
Modernism
Liberal view of religion
Acceptance and coordination of science and context with faith
Scopes Monkey Trial (1925)
Law against teaching of evolution in Tennessee public school
Creationism
William Jennings Bryan
Evolution
Clarence Darrow

25. THE PROBLEM OF ALCOHOL

26. THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT

27. 1920s Culture Wars Prohibition
Eighteenth Amendment and Volstead Act
Supported by middle-class progressives and rural Protestants especially in South and West
Generally ignored in urban centers
Bootleggers/Rumrunners
Smuggling of alcohol
Rise of organized crime
Al Capone
Speakeasies
Underground saloons

29. Al “Scar face” Capone

31. 1920s Society Immigrants First Red Scare and Nativism Quota Laws
Emergency Quota Act (1921)
3% of 1910 Census
National Origins Act (1924)
2% of 1890 Census
Sacco and Vanzetti Trial ( )
Two Italian immigrants executed for murder despite little evidence

32. 1920s Culture Wars Ku Klux Klan

34. 1920s Culture Wars The Jazz Age
Inspiration of rebellious youth and liberal reaction to conservatism and fundamentalism
Song and Dance
Jazz
Louis Armstrong
George Gershwin
Speakeasies
Dance Clubs
Waltz to Foxtrot to Charleston
Josephine Baker
Flappers
Radio
Mainstream medium
Networks: NBC, CBS
Cinema
Talkies
The Jazz Singer
Nickelodeons

35. JAZZ MUSIC

36. …MADE POPULAR BECAUSE OF THE RADIO

37. MOVIES

40. American Foreign Policy of the 1920s Disarmament Initiatives
Washington Naval Conference (1921)
Five-Power Treaty
U.S.:GB:Japan:France:Italy
5:5:3:1.67:1.67
Four-Power Treaty
U.S., France, GB, Japan
Respect each other’s territory in Pacific
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)
Use of aggressive force illegal

41. American Foreign Policy of the 1920s Economic Policies
Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922)
Increased tariffs
Caused European nations to recover slowly from WWI
They enacted high tariffs on the US as revenge
One of the causes of the Great Depression of the 1930s
Dawes Plan (1924)
Cycle of payments to ease financial problems
After the stock market crash of 1929, US banks stop loans to Germany and Dawes Plan collapses